不同叶面肥对夏大豆主要农艺性状影响.docVIP

不同叶面肥对夏大豆主要农艺性状的影响 　　摘要：试验以徐豆14和临豆9号为材料，在夏大豆种植区山东省平邑县采用盆栽试验探讨了不同叶面肥对夏大豆农艺性状的影响。结果表明，在始花期、始荚期、始粒期喷施生物菌肥叶面肥或磷酸二氢钾叶面肥各一次，可显著增加大豆的产量、生物量。与清水对照比较，生物菌肥叶面肥、磷酸二氢钾叶面肥对徐豆14的单株粒重分别提高了13.2%、14.3%，差异均达到显著水平（P0.05）；对临豆9号的单株粒重分别提高了8.3%、12.0%，差异均达到极显著水平（P0.01）。叶面肥也可以显著改善大豆的部分形态指标，如株高、复叶数、单株荚数等，对盛花期以后大豆的生物量也有显著的提高作用。 　　关键词：夏大豆；农艺性状；生物菌肥叶面肥；磷酸二氢钾叶面肥 　　中图分类号：S565.106.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）08-0085-04 　　AbstractUsing Xudou 14 and Lindou 9 as materials， the pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different foliar fertilizers on agronomic characters of summer soybean in Pingyi County， Shandong Province. The results showed that spraying biological bacterial fertilizer or KH2PO4 foliar fertilizer at the beginning flowering stage， the beginning podding stage and the beginning seeding stage could significantly increase the soybean yield and biomass. Compared with water control， the biological bacterial and KH2PO4 foliar fertilizer increased the grain weight per plant of Xudou 14 by 13.2% and 14.3% respectively， and the differences both reached the significant level （P0.05）. Likewise， they increased the grain weight per plant of Lindou 9 by 8.3% and 12.0% respectively， and the differences both reached the extremely significant level （P0.01）. Besides， the biological bacterial and KH2PO4 foliar fertilizer could significantly improve some morphological indexes of soybean， such as plant height， compound leaf number and pod number per plant. They could also significantly boost the soybean biomass after the full-bloom stage. 　　KeywordsSummer soybean； Agronomic character； Biological bacterial foliar fertilizer； KH2PO4 foliar fertilizer 　　大豆是中国四大粮食作物之一[1]，也是重要的油料作物。全国夏大豆种植主要分布在黄淮海平原区。近年来，由于非转基因大豆被消费者认可程度普遍提高，经济效益的提升使农民种植大豆的积极性有了一定提高[2]。山东地区属于夏大豆种植区，目前大豆种植主要依靠根部施肥，这种施肥方式用量大，费工费力，且肥料利用率不高，加之当前根部施肥多以化学肥料居多，对环境会造成负面影响[3]等，再者磷素的缺乏以及其他维持叶片正常生理活动的营养成分往往比较匮乏，限制了大豆的增产。喷施叶面肥被认为是根外施肥的有效措施之一，所以进行大豆叶面肥的喷施效果试验很有必要。 　　叶面肥种类较多，合理选用不同类型的叶面肥对农业生产具有重要意义。近些年来，含氨基酸的叶面肥在作物上的应用较多，增产效果明显[4，5]，故本试验选