知识组织工具（四索引典（Thesaurus）.ppt

知識組織工具（四） 索引典 (Thesaurus) 藍文欽 Lanw@.tw 05/15/2003 Prelude 索引典是字彙控制(vocabulary control)的工具之一。 索引典是索引用語及檢索詞彙的authority list。 索引典是由已知的概念查得代表該概念的適當用語。[concept ? term] 索引典透過標準化詞彙的選用，使同一概念產生類聚(grouping)的作用。 Introduction Thesaurus 的原義為：Treasury, Collection 通常用於同義字字典。 “A book of words and their synonyms”（Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary） “A book of words that are put in groups together according to connections between their meanings rather than in an alphabetical list.” (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English) e.g., Roget’s Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases 1957AD – H. P. Luhn最早以Thesaurus代表「主題索引用語辭典」（簡稱索引典），並以之為字彙控制的工具。（一說Brownson於1957正式使用索引典一詞） Definition “The vocabulary of a controlled indexing language, formally organized so that the a priori relationships between concepts (for example as “broader” and “narrower”) are made explicit. “ (Source: Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri, ISO 2788:1986) Definition (cont.) “A thesaurus may be defined either in terms of its function or its structure. In terms of function, a thesaurus is a terminological control device used in translating from the natural language of documents, indexers or users into a more constrained “system language” (documentation language, information language). In terms of structure, a thesaurus is a controlled and dynamic vocabulary of a controlled and dynamic vocabulary of semantically and generically related terms which covers a specific domain of knowledge.” (Source: Unesco. The UNISIST Guidelines for the Establishment and Development of Monolingual Thesauri) Definition (cont.) “A compilation of words and phrases showing synonymous, hierarchical, and other relationships and dependencies, the function of which is to provide a standardized vocabulary for information storage and retrieval. “ “A controlled vocabulary arranges in a known order in which equivalence, homographic, hierarchical, and associative relationships among terms are clearly di