第八节供应链战略.pptVIP

Chapter 8 Supply-Chain Strategy 第8章 供应链战略 Supply-Chain Management Defined 供应链管理的定义 Measuring Supply-Chain Performance 供应链绩效的测量 Bullwhip Effect 长鞭（牛鞭）效应 Outsourcing Defined 外源（外包）的定义 Value Density Defined 价值密度的定义 Mass Customization Defined 大规模定制（顾客化大量生产）的定义 What is Supply-Chain Management?Defined 什么是供应链管理？（定义） Supply-chain is a term that describes how organizations (suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers) are linked together. 供应链是一个描述许多组织（供应商、制造商、销售商和顾客）被链接在一起的术语 Supply-chain management is a total system approach to managing the entire flow of information, materials, and services from raw-material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customer. 供应链管理就是管理始于原料供应商，经由制造厂和仓库，终于最终顾客的完整的信息流、物料流和服务流的一种系统总体方法 Formulas for Measuring Supply-Chain Performance 测量供应链绩效的公式 Inventory Turnover = Cost of goods sold . Average aggregate inventory value Weeks of Supply = Average aggregate inventory value Cost of goods sold Example of Measuring Supply-Chain Performance 测量供应链绩效的例题 Suppose a company’s new annual report claims their costs of goods sold for the year is $160 million and their total average inventory (production materials + work-in-process) is worth $35 million. This company is used to having any inventory turn ratio of 10. 假设某公司新近一年的年度报告称，他们这的年销售成本为 160 X 美元，平均总库存（生产原料 +在制品）的价值是 35 X 美元。该公司往年的库存周转率均为10。 What is this year’s Inventory Turnover ratio? What does it mean? 这年的库存周转率是多少？这样的周转率意味着什么？ Example of Measuring Supply-Chain Performance (Continued) 测量供应链绩效的例题（续） Inventory Turnover = Cost of goods sold/Average aggregate inventory value = $160/$35 = 4.57 库存周转率 = 售出商品的成本 / 平均库存总值 = 160 / 35 = 4.57 Since the company is used to an inventory turnover of 10, a drop to 4.57 means that the inventory is not turning over as quickly as it had in the past. Without know