英汉基础翻译要点—第五章讲 定语从句的译法.pptVIP

5.4 译成状语 英语中有些定语从句在内容上含有时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等状语意思，翻译时往往可以加上相应的词语，以表达出其相应的状语意义。 A.表示原因 例1．We engage professor Wu, who understands English. 我们聘请吴教授，因为他懂英语。 例2．Many of our Welsh people are going to settle in North Carolina, where land is cheap. 我们威尔士人有许多去北卡罗来纳定居，因为那里的土地便宜。 例3．We can read of things that happened 5000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. （因为）在近东人们最早使用文字记事，所以，即使追溯到五千年前那里发生的事情，我们也能知道。 例4．Wells, who had spent years studying science, used to consider the future of man in the light of scientific knowledge. （由于）威尔斯花了多年时间研究科学，因而他经常根据科学知识考虑人类的未来。 B. 表示时间 例1．You, who are the prime of your life, come forth with greater contributions for the benefit of the people. 趁你年富力强的时候，为人民做出更多的贡献吧。 例2．A sailor who was fixing a rope lost balance and tumbled overboard. 一个水手正在系绳子的时候，失去平衡，掉到水里去了。 例3．I had the honor of seeing Chairman Mao, who was visiting the Jinggang Mountain in 1965. 毛泽东1965年重访井冈山时，我曾荣幸地见到他。 C. 表示目的 例1．He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument. 他正在收集确凿的材料以证明他的论点。 例2．Steel parts are usually covered the grease, with which they may not rust. 钢零件通常用润滑油覆盖，免得生锈。 例3．Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments.中国派了贸易代表团前往非洲各国，以便与各国政府商谈贸易协定。 例4．The imperialist states maintain enormous armies and gigantic navies which are used for oppressing and exploiting the people in distant land. 帝国主义国家维持庞大的陆海军，用以压迫和剥削远地的人民。 D. 表示结果 例1．He ate a fungus, which made him ill. 他吃了一个蘑菇，结果病倒了。 例2．The rain washed away the track, which prevented the train from running. 大雨冲走了铁轨，因而火车无法行使。 例3．Any student who tries to cheat while the examiner is watching is playing fire. 一个学生若在监考人的监督下作弊，那可是在冒险。 E. 表示条件 例1．Nothing is hard in this world for one who dares to scale the height. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 例2．A person is an idealist who thinks that rational knowledge need not to be derived from perceptual knowledge. 如果认为理性知识可以不从感性知识得来，他就是一个唯心主义者。 例4．The di