北大发展心理学第六讲 第三节 幼儿认知发展幻灯片.pptVIP

第三节 幼儿认知发展 一、幼儿思维的一般特点 1、思维的具体形象性是主要特点 2、抽象思维开始萌芽 3、言语在幼儿思维中的作用日益增强 二、幼儿思维形式的发展 （一）概念发展 1、概括的内容比较贫乏 2、概括的特征多是外部的、非本质的 3、概括的内涵往往不精确 幼儿概念发展 死亡概念 生命概念 儿童死亡概念的发展 关于死亡的标准（WHO） 1、昏迷（对整个环境应答反应丧失） 2、各种反射消失 3、自主呼吸停止 4、如果不以人工维持，血压急剧下降 5、甚至给予刺激时，脑电图呈直线 Mark W. Speece Sandor Brent Background universality: all living things die irreversibility: once a living thing dies, its physical body can’t be made alive again nonfunctionality: all life-defining functions cease at death Two questions 1. At what age do children achieve a mature concept of death? 2. What is the pattern of acquisition among the three components? sequential acquisition concurrent acquisition The Measurement Model 1. Logical considerations CONCEPT A － + － NEITHER A-ONLY CONCEPT B + B-ONLY BOTH 2.Methodological considerations task equivalence counterbalancing statistical analysis Method and Procedure 1. Participants 5 y 9m------10y 2m 91 51 girls 40 boys 2. Procedure interview individually, record pre-test: life and death questions alive dead formal test: three components 5 questions/component Universality 1.Will everybody die someday? 2.Will I ( the experimenter) die someday? 3.Will (best friend’s name ) die someday? 4.Will your mother die someday? 5.Will you die someday? Irreversibility 1、Can a dead person become alive again? 2. If I gave a dead person a drink of water, could he become alive again? 3. If I gave a dead person some food to eat, could he become alive again? 4. If I gave s