南水北调长距离调水中渠首所需水头探讨.docVIP

南水北调长距离调水中渠首所需水头探讨 　　摘要：南水北调中线总干渠全长约1 270 km，主要由明渠、倒虹吸、隧洞、涵洞和暗渠组成，总计沿线布置各类交叉建筑物1 715座，不管是沿程水头损失还是水流经过各建筑物的局部水头损失大小，经统计都相当可观。针对该问题，对沿程糙率和局部水头损失系数的取值大小进行了变更比较。计算表明，各值在一定范围变化时，陶岔渠首的水位受局部水头损失系数取值变化影响很小，主要取决于沿程糙率的大小。此处给出了渠首水位随糙率变化的过程，并得到渠首水位随糙率的变化拟合公式。且表明各建筑物对水位的影响主要集中在所在位置的局部段。 　　关键词：水力学计算；水头损失；曼宁糙率系数；南水北调 　　中图分类号：TV131.4 　　文献标识码：A 　　文章编号：1672-1683(2006)06-0050-03 　　 　　Discussion on the Elevation of Water Surface at the Head of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Channel 　　FANG Shen-guang，WU Bao-sheng 　　(State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering，Department of 　　Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China) 　　Abstract：The length of the Middle Route of Diversion Project from South to North China is about 1270 km and there are 1715 constructions of different types laid along the line. There are great head loss along the line added up and values of coarse rate n and local head loss rates are decisive and sensitive factors. Different values of these parameters are used to calculate the elevations of water surface of the head of the channel. Its indicated that the head elevation is mainly decided by coarse rate n and the influence of local head loss rates is rather small. A drafted formula of the elevation of water surface at the head with coarse rate n is gained. The effect of local head loss caused by conveyance constructions mainly focus on local channel. 　　Key word：elevation computation；head loss；Manning coarse rate；South-to-North Water Transfer 　　 　　南水北调中线工程，主要任务是给京津冀工农业和生活供水，总干渠全长约1 270 km，沿线有大量的倒虹吸、渡槽等大型建筑物，而供水方式全线采用自流。在如此长的距离内为使水流能从丹江口水库顺利抵达用水区域，则必须要求相当大的渠首水位，而对其起决定影响的因素：沿程水头损失和局部水头损失一直都受到各方密切关注。对与沿程水头损失密切相关的渠道糙率的取值问题，黄国兵等[1]通过对混凝土渠道进行调研，并对收集到的资料进行了整理分析，认为可以将渠道糙率分为两类：一类是通过研究可靠性较高的顺直渠道，推荐的糙率n的范围为0.013～0.016；另一类是包含了渠道内水生物、淤积、弯道、桥墩等局部水头损失影响的综合糙率，推荐的取值范围为0.015～0.019 8。由此可见，对南水北调沿程糙率的选取也应该在0.013～0.019 8这一范围内。在局部水头损失系数的选取上，各家主要是针对水头损失很大的倒虹吸进行的研究很多，谭兴华等[2]通过试验以及从水头损失机理上进行分析认为：对缓弯管，以R/D=2为宜(R是拐弯处的半径，D是拐弯