超声波测距系统设计总体 《传感器与测技术》课程设计报告.docVIP

吉林建筑大学 电气与电子信息工程学院 《传感器与检测技术》课程设计报告 设计题目： 超声波测距系统设计 专业班级： 电子信息科学与技术 学生姓名： 朱玉 学 号： 指导教师： 王超 高晓红 设计时间： 2014.6.16－2014.6.27 教师评语： 教师评语： 成绩 评阅教师 日期 目录 第1章 绪论·························································1 1.1 课题设计的背景和意义·····································1 1.2 主要设计内容和要求·······································1 第2章 系统总体设计方案·············································2 2.1 设计系统框图·············································2 2.2 设计器件选择·············································2 第3章 硬件电路设计·················································4 3.1 单片机最小系统 ··········································4 3.2 超声波发射电路···········································6 3.3 超声波检测接收电路·······································7 3.4 显示单元电路 ············································8 3.5 语音播报电路············································8 第4章 系统软件设计················································10 4.1 超声波测距仪的算法设计··································10 4.2 主程序流程图··········································· 10 4.3 超声波发生子程序与超声波接受中断程序····················11 总 结 ····························································14 参考文献··························································15 附录1 总电路图···················································16 附录2 程序清单···················································17 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1 第1章 绪论 1.1课题设计的背景和意义 1.1.1设计的背景 随着科学技术的快速发展，超声波将在测距仪中的应用越来越广。但就目前的水平来说，人们可以具体利用的测距技术还十分有限，因此，这是一个正在蓬勃发展而又有无限前景的技术及产业领域。 展望未来，超声波测距作为一种新型的非常重要有用的工具在各方面都将有很大的发展空间，它将朝着更加高定位高精度的方向发展满足日益发展的社会需求，如声纳的发展趋势，研制具有更高定位精度的被动测距声纳，以满足水中武器实施全隐蔽攻击的需求。毋庸置疑，无线的超声波测距仪将与自动化智能化接轨，与其他的测距仪集成和融合形成多测距仪。随着测距仪的技术进步，测距仪将从具有单纯判断功能发展到具有学习功能，最终发展到具有创造力。在新的世纪里，面貌一新的测距仪将发挥更大的作用。 1.1.2设计的意义 随着科学技术的发展，城市给排水系统也有较大发展。但是，由于许多不可预见因素城市给排水系统往往落后于城市建设。因此，箱涵的排污疏通