对2011年一高考数学题探讨.docVIP

对2011年一高考数学题探讨 　　题目：（2011年江苏18）如图，在平面直角坐标系??xOy?е校???M、N?Х直鹗峭衷勃?x??24+y??22=1?У亩サ悖?过坐标原点的直线交椭圆于??P、A?Я降悖?其中点??P?г诘谝幌笙蓿?过??P?ё鳘?x?е岬拇瓜撸?垂足为??C?В?连接??AC?В?并延长交椭圆于点??B?АＩ柚毕擢?PA?У男甭饰???k?А＊? 　　（1）当直线??PA??平分线段??MN?В?求??k?У闹担华? 　　（2）当??k=2??时，求点??P?У街毕擢?AB?У木嗬氇?d??；?? 　　（3）对任意??k0?В?求证：??PA⊥PB?А＊? 　　解法探讨：?? 　　（1）联立直线和曲线方程求点??P、A、B?У淖?标，这些坐标都含无理式，运算量相当大，耗时较多，能实现目标，但道路艰难曲折。（参考答案一）?? 　　（2）设点??Px??1，y??1、A－x??1，-y??1、??C（x??1,0）????，再联立直线??AC??和椭圆方程得，?? 　　??1+y??2??12x??2??1x??2－y??2??1x??1x+y??2??12－4=0?В?此方程已知一个根为??x=－x??1?В?将点??B??坐标用??x??1、y??1?П硎荆???x??B=8－y??2??12x??1+y??2??1x??1?В???y??B=y??14－x??2??1－y??2??12x??2??1+y??2??1?В?计算??k????PA??#8226;k????PB??=y??1x??1#8226;y??B－y??1x??B－x??1=…=y??1x??1#8226;y??1#8226;4－2y??2??1－3x??2??1x??1#8226;8－2x??2??1－2y??2??1?? 　　=??y??2??1#8226;x??2??1－3x??2??1x??2??1#8226;4y??2??1－2y??2??1??=-1，根据点??P??在椭圆上这个已知条件整体消??x??1、y??1?В?也能实现??k????PA??#8226;k????PB??=－1?В?运算量相当大，在有限的时间内完成任务确实很难。（3）设点??Px??1，y??1、A－x??1，-y??1?А??Bx??2，y??2?В?回避求直线与椭圆交点坐标。设直线??PB??、??AB??的斜率分别为??k??1、k??2?А５悛?C??在直线??AB??上，所以??k??2??=??0－-y??1x??1－－x??1=y??12x??1=k2?А４佣???kk??1=2k??1k??2+1=2#8226;y??2－y??1x??2－x??1#8226;y??2－-y??1x??2－－x??1+1??=??2#8226;y??2??2－y??2??1x??2??2－x??2??1+1??=??x??2??2+2y??2??2－x??2??1+2y??2??1x??2??2－x??2??1??=??4－4x??2??2－x??2??1=0?б虼霜?kk??1=－1?В?所以??PA⊥PB?А＃ú慰即鸢付?）?? 　　（4）设点??Px??1，y??1、A－x??1，-y??1?А??Cx??1,0?А??Bx??2，y??2?В?从而??x??2??1+2y??2??1=4?В???x??2??2+2y??2??2=4?В?两式相减得，??k????PB??=－x??2+x??12y??2+y??1?А＊? 　　?И?AC??=2x??1,y??1,??CB??=x??2－x??1,y??2?В?于是??x??2y??1=2x??1y??2+x??1y??1?В?所以??k????PA??#8226;k????PB??=??-x??2+x??12（y??2+y??1）??#8226;y??1x??1=－x??1y??1+x??2y??12x??1y??2+2x??1y??1?В?将上式代入得??k????PA??#8226;k????PB??=－1?А＊? 　　一般性推广：?? 　　（1）在平面直角坐标系??xOy?е校?已知椭圆??x??2a??2+y??2b??2=1???A??ab0?В?过坐标原点的直线交椭圆于??P、A?Я降悖?其中点??P?г诘谝幌笙蓿?过??P?ё鳘?x?е岬拇瓜撸?垂足为??C?В?连接??AC?В?并延长交椭圆于点??B?АＧ笾ぃ邯?k????PA??#8226;k????PB????为定值。?? 　　略解，设点??Px??1，y??1、A－x??1，-y??1?А??Cx??1,0?А??Bx??2，y??2?В?从而??b??2x??2??1+a??2y??2?