忠实 通顺 生动——评吕叔湘泽译《伊坦·弗洛美》-faithfulness, smoothness and vividness —— comment on lv shuxiang zes translation of etan frome.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 10 中文摘要 翻译理论家吉迪恩·图瑞的翻译准则认为:翻译涉及两种语言和两种文 化传统，涉及两种体系的准则，译者在两种不同语言、文化的要求之间做出 的选择构成了翻译过程的首要准则。依照这一选择，译者可以使自己遵循原 语的相关准则，或服从译语的相关准则。总之，坚持原语准则，决定译文充 分表现原文内容:而遵循译语中的准则，决定译文在译语语境中将被顺利接 受。伊坦·弗洛美》是美国女作家伊迪丝·华顿的作品，著名语言学家、 翻译家吕叔湘于四十年代将其译成中文。由于吕先生选择了遵循译语中的准 则，如在翻译过程中，依照汉语的语言规范，运用各种翻译技巧，使译文没 有丝毫欧化、生硬之感，使得这部译作长期以来成为一部深受读者喜爱的、 会炙人口的译作典范。此外，吕叔湘的英文和汉语的修养都很高，他的翻译 准确、语言流畅，把原文的风格和神韵都译了出来，堪称忠实、流畅而又生 动。本文即以图瑞的翻译准则为依据，从英汉语言对比的角度对吕叔湘所译 伊坦·弗洛美》进行评价。通过对这部译作的评价，给人印象最深的还是 译者强大的中文底蕴和对中文的驾驭能力。因此，文章最终得出结论:由于 译作是供译语读者阅读的，那么尽量在语言上应遵循译语规范。因而，在翻 译过程中，除了彻底理解原文之外，还要求译者对目的语文字有敏锐的辨析 能力，表达时能掌握得恰到好处。在外译汉中，就要求译者具有扎实的汉语 功底和较强的母语意识。这一结论对翻译研究及翻译教学都具有一定的指导 意义:我国的翻译研究在吸收、引进国外翻译理论的同时应切实加强对汉语 的研究。因为汉外翻译理论的建构离不开对汉语本身的深入研究，离不开深 入的汉外对比研究。此外，由于译者是否具备良好的母语素养至关重要，翻 译教学中应重视对学生汉语能力的培养。 关键词:翻译准则:英汉语比较:忠实:通顺:生动 Abstract Translation norms were put forward by Gideon Toury, a prominent translation theorist in the world. It holds: Translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions, i.e. at least two sets of norm-systems on each level. The basic choice made by a translator between requirements of the two different languages and cultures was regarded as constituting an initial norm. Thus, a translator may subject him/herself either to the norms relevant to the source context or to the norms active in the target context. In a word, whereas adherence to source norms determines the adequacy of a translation, subscription to norms originating in the target context determines its acceptability. Ethan Frome was written by Edith wharton, an American woman novelist and translated by Lv Shuxiang, a famous Chinese linguist and translator. It is because Lv Shuxiang chose to abide by target norm-systems in translation that his version has long enjoyed great popularity. Furthermore, Mr. Lv is expert both in English and Chinese, which makes his version fluent, vivid and faithful both to the original meaning and to the original style as well. Based on Toury’s translation norm