管道水锤方程的Crank―Nicolson离散格式及其工程应用.docVIP

管道水锤方程的Crank―Nicolson离散格式及其工程应用 　　摘要：为了模拟输水管道的水力过渡过程，建立了一种新型的有压管水力计算模型。采用有限体积法对一维有压管道水锤方程在空间和时间上进行积分，同时应用时间中心差分的CrankNicolson隐式格式对偏微分项进行处理，得到具有二阶精度且无条件稳定的水锤方程离散格式，并运用带有解析解的算例验证方法的准确性。通过模拟北京市南水北调惠南庄泵站开、关过程，可以提前预测出现的压力波动，及早采取应对措施，降低有害水锤出现的概率，减少压力波动带来的不利影响，使瞬变状态安全过渡到正常运行状态。结果表明此方法具有良好的工程应用性。 　　关键词：水锤；有限体积法；CrankNicolson隐式格式；南水北调工程 　　中图分类号：TV68 文献标志码：A 文章编号2015 　　CrankNicolson discrete form of pipeline water hammer equation and its engineering application 　　LI Na1，JIN Sheng1，DING Weiye1，WANG Youqing2 　　（1.School of Hydraulic Engineering，Dalian University of Technology，Dalian 116024，China； 　　2.Operation Management Center of SouthtoNorth Water Diversion of Beijing，Beijing 110195，China） 　　Abstract：In order to simulate the hydraulic transition process in the pipeline，a new model of hydraulic calculation of pressure pipe was established.The finite volume method was used to conduct the spatial and temporal integrations for the onedimensional equation of water hammer pressure pipe ，the implicit CrankNicolson scheme of central difference of time was used to treat the partial differential items，and the discrete format of water hammer equations with the second order accuracy and unconditional stability was obtained.The example with analytic solutions was used to verify the method accuracy.Through the simulation of opening and closing processes of Huinanzhuang pumping station of the SouthtoNorth Water Diversion Project in Beijing，pressure fluctuation can be predicted，therefore early response measures can be proposed to reduce the occurrence probability of water hammer and the adverse effects of pressure fluctuation，and the trainset conditions can be changed into normal operation.The method has good engineering application. 　　Key words：water hammer；finite volume method；CrankNicolson implicit scheme；SouthtoNorth Water Diversion Project 　　1 研究背景 　　当阀门突然开启或关闭、水泵突然停止、骤然启闭导叶时，由于水的几乎不可压缩性，在管道中会产生以声速来回传递的压强波，这种现象称为水锤。水锤产生的瞬时压强可达管道中正常工作压强的几十倍甚至于数百倍，这种大幅度压强波动，