轴类自动校直机控制系统分析-analysis on control system of axle automatic straightening machine.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 I I 摘 要 轴类零件在机械加工和热处理过程中容易出现弯曲变形，为了保证轴类零件 生产质量减少废品的数量提高原材料的利用率，需要对轴类零件进行精密校直。 人工校直方法工作效率低，劳动强度大，而且校直精度无法保证。自动校直在智 能化、自动化、测量精度以及生产节拍方面都有着明显的优势。因此为提高轴类 零件的校直精度和生产效率，对自动校直机控制系统进行深入设计和研究具有重 要的意义。 本文先从弹塑性力学的角度对轴类零件的反弯校直过程进行了理论分析，探 讨了校直过程中压点与支点的组合问题以及校直下压量的计算问题。 根据反弯校直原理分析设计了自动校直机工艺流程，并对校直机控制系统总 体功能进行分析，确定了系统控制方案。通过对工控机、传感器及数据采集卡、 运动控制卡、PLC 控制系统以及交流伺服系统等技术的研究，完成了校直机硬件 系统的建立。 在 Visual Basic 6.0 的开发环境中完成了上位机操作界面的设计，实现人机交 互、加工程序输入和参数设置等。编写了运动控制程序实现轴类零件的旋转检测 以及压头和工作台的位置控制。对检测系统采集的数据进行处理并运用最小二乘 法计算轴类零件的弯曲变形量。根据试验建立了校直专家系统数据库，通过查询 数据库确定轴类零件在不同弯曲变形量下各个压点处的校直下压行程。 关键词：自动校直，控制系统 ，VB，PLC， 最小二乘法 重庆理工大 重庆理工大学硕士学位论文 II II AB ABSTRACT PAGE PAGE III ABSTRACT Shaft parts are easy to occur bending deformation in the process of machining and heat treatment, in order to guarantee the production quality of shaft parts and reducing the number of rejects to raise the utilization rate of raw materials, we need do precise straightening to the shaft parts. The method of artificial straightening has low work efficiency and large labor intensity, and it cannot guarantee the straightening accuracy. Automatic straightening has obvious advantages in intelligence, automation, measuring accuracy and the tact. Therefore, in order to improve the straightening accuracy and production efficiency, it has important significance to do the research of designing and developing about the control system of automatic straightening machine. This paper makes theoretical analysis to the reverse-bending straightening process of the shaft parts on the basic of elastic-plastic mechanics, and then discusses the way to solve the problems including the combination of pressure point and the fulcrum and the calculation of straightening press stroke. According to the principle of reverse-bending straightening,designs the automatic straightening process of the machine, and analyses the control system general function of the straightening machine, and then determines the control scheme of system. Based on the the selec