金田皇家无核’葡萄种子发育及胚培养分析-analysis on seed development and embryo culture of jintian royal seedless grape.docxVIP

II II 摘要 试验以‘金田皇家无核’葡萄自交胚为材料进行形态观察，统计自然条件胚 败育率然后切片观察种子发育的过程，并研究不同条件对胚发育的影响。对试验 结果分析后得出以下结论: 1．自然条件下‘金田皇家无核’的自交胚在授粉后 65 d~75 d 开始退化， 少数球型胚仍在发育；授粉后 85 d-90 d，胚基本退化消失，种子仅剩异常加厚的 外种皮。 2．胚败育的同时，种皮继续增厚，表现为:授粉后 50 d 表皮层内侧细胞向 中心分裂，逐渐形成栅栏状组织。授粉后 70 d 种皮内侧的细胞向中央分裂并伸 长生长，细胞开始膨大，细胞壁变薄，细胞间隙增大，种皮肉质化。肉质化种皮 原花青素、白藜芦醇含量较果肉高。 3．‘金田皇家无核’自交胚与‘金田皇家无核’ב克瑞森无核’杂交胚 在改良 N 培养基中的发育率和自然状态下比较提高较多；正常 25 ℃下培养，能 取得比自然条件下更高的胚发育率，低温处理并不能提高自交胚与杂交胚的挽救 成功率；6-BA 1.0 mg·l-1+GA3 0.5 mg·l-1 配比下的发育率较自然状态发育率提 高多；在自交胚与杂交胚中，添加 500 mg·l-1LH（水解乳蛋白）的挽救效果明 显；以蔗糖为碳源的自交胚发育率显著高于乳糖和葡萄糖，乳糖为碳源中杂交胚 发育差。低糖浓度能提高胚的发育率，过高的蔗糖浓度会抑制胚的生长发育；自 交胚与杂交胚在偏酸环境下有利于胚的发育。 4．利用‘四倍体玫瑰香’做父本，与‘金田皇家无核’杂交，坐果率低， 胚挽救效果差，但能获得三倍体植株。 关键词:无核葡萄；种皮发育；形态结构；胚发育率； III III ABSTRACT In this study, ?Jintian Huangjia seedless grape? s selfing embryo was used to conduct morphological observation, to count embryonic abortive rate under natural conditions ,to observe the process of seed development by using slice and to study the influence of different conditions on the embryo development. After analyzing the test results, we can draw the following conclusions: Under natural conditions, ?Jintian Huangjia seedless? grape?s selfing embryo began to degenerate and a small number of ball-type embryos were still developing after pollinating 65 d~75 d; after 85 d~90 d pollination, embryo almost disappeared and only the seed with the abnormal and thick exotesta remained. At the same time, the exotesta continues to thicken as follows: after 50 d pollination the epidermis inside cells divided to the center and gradually formed the fence structure. After 70 d pollination, the inside cells of seed coat divided and elongated to the center, the cells began to expand, cell wall thinned, cell gap increased and the seed coat succulented. The succulent seed coat?s proanthocyanidins and the content of resveratrol is higher than the flesh. ?Jintian Huangjia seedless ? selfing embryo and ?Jintian Huangjia seedless? with ?Crimson Seedless? hybrid embryo both have higher development ra