概括具体型模式在英语阅读和写作中应用.docVIP

概括具体型模式在英语阅读和写作中应用 　　摘要:本文通过对英语语篇结构中概括具体型模式的描述及09年部分高考阅读和写作实例分析,说明该模式在阅读和书面表达中的作用,并阐明概括具体型模式对教学实践的指导意义。 　　关键词:语篇结构 概括具体型模式 阅读 写作 　　 　　Abstract: The paper is intended to illustrate the important role the mode of generalization and specification plays in English reading and writing by describing its mode and analyzing some reading and writing articles in NMET 2009. And the paper also stresses the effect of this mode on English teaching practice. 　　Key words: discourse structurethe mode of generalization and specificationreadingwriting 　　 　　在近几年的高考试题中突出对语篇的考查,注重英语运用的实际语言环境和英语的实际运用。英文书面表达在高考英语试题中所占分值也较大,最能显示英语水平的真功底。试题突出语境,贴近生活,着重检测学生在语篇中语言技能的灵活运用。试题加大了对读写能力,特别是阅读能力的考查,文字输入量增大,对阅读速度和概括性要求较高,突出语篇处理,加大了对篇章结构和深层次信息的考查。阅读和写作能力的提高与很多因素有关,笔者认为熟悉英语段落语篇结构模式,尤其是概括具体型模式对英语阅读和写作具有指导意义。 　　 　　一?p段落语篇结构模式的特点 　　 　　线式逻辑是英语语篇结构的特点,而其中的概括具体型模式尤为常用。概括具体型模式的特点是先概括,后细节;先综合,后分析;先抽象,后具体。线式逻辑结构基本要求每个段落语篇以主题句开头,简单明了地阐述整个段落的主题思想,然后围绕主题列举原因、范例、事实等来阐明中心思想。结论句不是文中必不可少的,但却能起到总结和引起人们思考的作用。 　　 　　二、概括具体型模式在阅读中的应用 　　 　　在阅读中,人们首先理解的是语言的字面意义,它需要与大脑中的已知信息联系起来,从一定的文字符号中获得尽可能多的信息。英语文章讲究主题段和主题句,主题段概括了文章的中心思想,主题句交待了该段的中心意思。因此,从整体结构出发,留意主题段和主题句, 通读支干, 抓住文中的关键词汇,了解段与段之间的连接词,挖掘内在的逻辑关系,进而把握整篇文章的层次是提高阅读效率的好方法。 　　例1:( 09天津卷阅读A篇) 　　(全篇主题句)Societies all over the world name places in similar ways.(推展句) Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. 　　(段落主题句)Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. (推展句)Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. 　　(段落主题句)Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. (推展句)Perhaps they were names to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. 　　(段落主题句)Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. (推展句)Basah Road is an interesting example. 　　(