玉米秸秆生物菌肥和土壤调理剂对日光温室越冬茬番茄土壤盐及重金属含量影响.docVIP

玉米秸秆生物菌肥和土壤调理剂对日光温室越冬茬番茄土壤盐及重金属含量影响 　　摘要：通过大田试验，探讨玉米秸秆、生物菌肥（EM）、土壤调理剂及其配施处理对日光温室越冬茬番茄土壤盐和重金属含量的影响。结果表明，玉米秸秆、生物菌肥和土壤调理剂及其配施处理均可使土壤水溶性盐含量下降，尤其是玉米秸秆+土壤调理剂配施处理与对照相比降低24.39%。各试验处理对Na+含量几乎无影响，可使Ca2+、Mg2+和K+浓度降低，尤其是EM处理显著降低Ca2+浓度，而玉米秸秆、玉米秸秆+土壤调理剂和玉米秸秆+EM+土壤调理剂处理显著降低Mg2+和K+浓度。各试验处理对土壤中重金属Mn、Ni和Cr影响不大，处理间无显著差异；但玉米秸秆处理显著降低Pb含量，玉米秸秆处理及玉米秸秆+EM+土壤调理剂配施处理显著降低Zn、Cd和Cu的含量。日光温室施用鸡粪，除Pb外，Zn、Mn、Cr、Ni、Cd含量均较高，是日光温室土壤重金属污染的主要来源之一。 　　关键词：玉米秸秆；生物菌肥；土壤调理剂；越冬茬番茄；土壤含盐量；重金属 　　中图分类号：S151.9+3；X53 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）06-0055-05 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.06.012 　　Abstract： The influence of corn straw，bio-bacterial fertilizer（EM） and soil conditioner on soil salt and heavy metals contents were studied in over-winter tomato of the solar greenhouse using a field experiment. The results showed that soil water soluble salt content in all treatments occurred decreased，especially the corn straw+soil conditioner treatment decreased 24.39% compared with the control. All treatments had almost no effect on the content of Na+ and made the contents of Ca2+，Mg2+ and K+ decreased，respectively. Especially the EM treatment significantly decreased the concentration of Ca2+，while three treatments （corn straw，corn straw+soil conditioner and corn straw+EM+soil conditioner） significantly reduced the concentrations of Ca2+，Mg2+ and K+，respectively. All treatments had little effect on heavy metals of Mn，Ni and Cr contents in soil，and shown no significant difference between treatments； While corn straw significantly reduced Pb content，two treatments（corn straw and corn straw+EM+soil conditioner） significantly decreased the contents of Zn，Cd and Cu. The application of chicken manure caused Zn，Mn，Cr，Ni，Cd contents higher except for Pb， respectively，which was one of the main sources of heavy metal soil pollution in solar greenhouse. 　　Key words： corn straw； bio-bacterial fertilizer； soil conditioner； over-winter tomato； soil salt content； heavy metals 　　?O施栽培已成为中国蔬菜生产的重要方式，栽培面积逐年增加，其在提高蔬菜产量和效益