老年患者抗生素相关性腹泻护理对策.docVIP

老年患者抗生素相关性腹泻护理对策 　　[摘要] 目的 探讨老年患者抗生素相关性腹泻（AAD）的护理对策。 方法 选取浙江省宁波市第一医院2012年6～12月27例老年肺炎患者为研究对象，根据患者病情及相关血流动力学监测选用相关抗生素进行抗感染治疗。患者同时接受镇静、退热、平喘、止咳以及液体疗法抗炎等一系列肺炎常规治疗。患者出现AAD时停用抗生素并给予相关肠黏膜保护剂及益生菌制剂用以平衡肠道菌群。对发生脱水的患者及时给予补液纠正脱水，维持患者体内酸碱度及电解质的平衡。 结果 27例老年患者住院20～30 d，肺炎治愈时，AAD痊愈。 结论 老年肺炎患者接受抗生素治疗过程中出现AAD时，通过加强皮肤评分、基础护理、皮肤护理及对症护理等可以改善AAD。 　　[关键词] 老年患者；抗生素相关性腹泻；护理；肺炎 　　[中图分类号] R574.62 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2014）12（c）-0119-03 　　Nursing countermeasures of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in elderly patients 　　ZHANG Jie ZHAO Min YUAN Saixia 　　Department of Second Elderly Ward， the First Hospital of Ningbo City， Zhejiang Province， Ningbo 315010， China 　　[Abstract] Objective To investigate the nursing countermeasures of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in elderly pneumonia patients. Methods 27 elderly pneumonia patients in the First Hospital of Ningbo City from June 2012 to December 2012 were involved in this study. All patients received anti-infective therapy by intravenous injection of related antibiotics according to the patients′conditions and hemodynamic monitoring. The patients also received conventional treatment of pneumonia such as defervescence， sedation， cough， asthma-relieving and fluid therapy. All patients stopped taking antibiotics and were treated with intestinal mucosal protective agent， probiotic products to maintain the balance of intestinal flora after AAD occurrence. The patients dehydrated also received fluid replacement to maintain acid-base balance and electrolyte balance. Results 27 cases of elderly patients were cured of pneumonia and AAD after 20 to 30 days stay in hospital. Conclusion Enhancing skin score， basic care， skin care and symptomatic nursing can effectively improve AAD in elderly pneumonia patients. 　　[Key words] Elderly patients； Antibiotic-associated diarrhea； Nursing； Pneumonia 　　随着社会老龄化的日益加重，我国老年人所占人口比例也越来越高，而老年人的健康问题也成为了社会关注的焦点。老年人由于组织器官发生退行性变化，体内各组成成分、血流量和生理功能均有较大改变，导致身体出现各种衰老表现，免疫功能低下，白细胞吞噬能力减退，较容易合并感染。有报道显示65岁以下人群感染菌尿症的概率低于4%，而6