航运下行期航线配船和航次设计优化.docVIP

航运下行期航线配船和航次设计优化 　　摘要：为在航运低迷期使航运企业实现收益最大化，根据航运下行期运力过剩的现状，在现有航线配船模型的基础上，结合现阶段航运下行期的特点，建立混合整数规划模型.首先对集装箱班轮在多条航线上的班轮数量和航次设计构建整数规划模型，将航线配船问题的可行解用染色体形式表示，对航线配船和航次设计进行优化，然后通过MATLAB编程的遗传算法得到该问题的满意解.以某班轮公司为例，对模型和遗传算法的有效性进行验证.结果表明,该方法对于班轮公司根据航运下行期的特点设计合理的航线配船方案具有重要的参考意义. 　　关键词：航运； 下行； 航线配船； 混合整数规划模型； 遗传算法（MET） 　　中图分类号：U692.33; U695.22; O221.4文献标志码：A 　　 　　Optimization for fleet allocation and voyage planning in 　　downturn shipping phase 　　SHAO Jungang, XUE Yingxia 　　(Academy of Science Technology, Shanghai Maritime Univ., Shanghai 201306, China) 　　Abstract： In order to maximize the benefit of shipping enterprises in the depressed shipping phase, according to the status of excess freight capacity in the downturn shipping phase, a mixed integer programming model is built based on existing fleet allocation models and with a combination of the characteristics of the present downturn shipping phase. First, an integer programming model is established on container liner numbers and voyage planning on multi??routes, and the feasible solutions to the fleet allocation issue are expressed in the form of chromosomes to optimize the fleet allocation and voyage planning, and then the satisfactory solution of the issue is obtained through the genetic algorithm programmed by MATLAB. A liner enterprise is taken as an example to validate the model and the genetic algorithm. The results show that the proposed method is of reference significance for liner enterprises to design a reasonable fleet allocation scheme based on the characteristics of the shipping downturn phase. 　　Key words： shipping; downturn; fleet allocation; mixed integer programming model; genetic algorithm 　　 　　 　　收稿日期： 2013??07??16修回日期： 2013??12??13 　　作者简介： 邵俊岗(1963―)，男，河南西华人，教授，硕导，博士，研究方向为港航管理，（E??mail）jgshao@shmtu.edu.cn0引言 　　后金融危机时代，全球经济持续低迷，加之欧债危机不断深化、市场融资环境日益恶化和船舶供给压力过大等不利因素的影响，全球航运市场长期在底部振荡徘徊.航运企业由于难以吸纳充足的货源，面临严重的运力过剩，大量新船的陆续交付无疑也使各航运公司的处境更为艰难.合理的航线配船和航次设计可以帮助航运企业充分利用现有的船舶，以最少的投入或消耗换取最大的产出或效益，对航运公司具有重要的意义