北魏牧政分析-历史地理学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 内容摘要 拓跋鲜卑以游牧身份逐鹿中原，受到农业生产生活方式的影响，其经济生产 方式经历了从游牧向农业转化的一个漫长过程。在这个过程中，最高统治者推行 了一系列的利农遏牧政策，以拓跋珪盛乐“息众课农”为标志，北魏进入农牧转 换期,但畜牧业在北魏经济中仍占主导地位；以拓跋焘设河西牧场为分界线，畜 牧业经济比重开始回缩，经太武帝中后期、文成、献文、孝文帝前期这一阶段， 农业在北魏经济中的地位逐渐提升，并超过了畜牧业；太和九年、十年，孝文行 均田、定三长，农业在国家经济中的主导地位最终确立，但是畜牧业仍然在国家 经济中起着举足轻重的作用。本文意旨在于以北魏畜牧业为依托，以拓跋鲜卑的 南移与汉化为线索，对北魏这样一个由畜牧业起家的特殊政权在汉化过程中所采 用的相关畜牧业政策及其变化进行深入研究，明确畜牧业经济在北魏历史发展中 的地位，以便我们汲取北魏王朝兴衰的历史经验与教训。 关键词 拓跋鲜卑 北魏 畜牧业 农业化 I II Abstract To-Ba Xian-Bei, as nomads, were influenced by agricultural culture in the process of migration to the south, whose major economic mode of production has gone through a process of transformation from nomadic to agricultural model. The specific changes is that: To To-Ba Gui implement a policy—all classes of agricultural income—as a symbol, the Northern Wei entered a period of transformation of livestock to agriculture. Of course, the livestock in the Northern Wei Dynasty still is dominant economy. To To-Ba Tao set the Hexi pasture as a boundary, the proportion of To-Ba Xian-Bei’s livestock started retraction. And then, the status of the agriculture in the Northern Wei’s economy gradually upgrade and more than the animal husbandry, through Taiwu lately, and Wencheng, and Xianwen, and Xiaowen early. Tai-he nine and ten year, Xiaowen set two policy — the Juntian and the Sanzhang, the dominant status of the agriculture had been established in the national economy finally, but the livestock still played a pivotal role. This paper, based on Northern Wei’s animal husbandry and moving southward and localization, is designed to make further research into relevant policies of animal husbandry and the policies’ transition taken by Northern Wei in the process of localization, a special regime started by animal husbandry and to clear the status of the animal husbandry economy in the northern dynasty’s historical development, so that we draw the rise and fall of the northern dynasty historical experience and lessons. Keywords: To-Ba Xian-Bei, the Northern Wei Dyn