大量元素钾.pptxVIP

Section 1 General 主要农作物不同部位中钾的含量（%）作物 部位 含K2O作物 部位 含K2O小麦 籽粒0.61水稻 籽粒0.30 茎杆0.73茎秆0.90棉花 籽粒0.90马铃薯 块茎2.28 茎杆1.10叶片1.81玉米 籽粒0.40糖用甜菜 根2.13 茎杆1.60块茎5.01谷子 籽粒0.20烟草 叶片4.10 茎秆1.30茎2.80In general, K20 content in plants is about 0.3~5% of dry weight. Potassium is characterized by high mobility in plants at all levels (cells, tissues, long-distance transport) , which is easily transported from roots to shoots. There is a stable K concentration in cytoplasm, which is about 100~200 mM, the other K stores at the vacuole. 300液泡(nmol/l)200细胞质度100浓K+0012345干物质含钾量（%） Unlike N and P, K exists in plant as an ion(K+), and does not form stable complexes. Nutrition function of K+ involves : neutralizing the soluble and insoluble anion; Stabling pH between 7 and 8; Regulating osmotic pressure; Enzyme activation; Adaptation to stress ---------Enzyme activation There are more than 60 enzymes which either completely depend on or are stimulated by K+. ATPase, pyruvate kinase （果糖激酶） 6-phosphofructokinase （6-磷酸果糖激酶）Protein Synthesis It is now well established that K+ is required for protein synthesis in higher plants K+ is involved in several steps of the translation process, including the binding of tRNA to ribosome. So the accumulation of soluble nitrogen compounds (aa, amide, and nitrate) when K+ is deficient.Photosynthesis In higher plants K+ affects photosynthesis at various levels: ※ Enhancing chlorophyll synthesis;※ Improving chloroplast structure;※ Increasing CO2 fixation; ※ Improving carbohydrate transport.Osmoregulation K+ is the dominant osmotic substances. Cell extension is the consequence of the accumulation in the cells of K+. Stomatal Movement In most species K+ has the major responsibility for turgor changes in the guard cells during stomata movement. An increase in the K+ concentration in the guard cells results in the uptake of water from the adjacent cells and a