过去分词用法速记.docVIP

过去分词用法速记 　　过去分词即动词的-ed形式。从时间关系上看，强调动作已完成；从主被动关系上看，强调动作被做。过去分词兼具动词、形容词和副词的功能，在句中可以充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。 　　[基本用法] 　　1. 作表语 　　过去分词作表语时，主要表示主语的特征或状态。如： 　　He looked disappointed after he lost the match. 　　过去分词与动词的被动语态形式相同，但强调的重点不同。如： 　　Don’t choose that bicycle because it is broken. 　　不要选那辆自行车，因为它是坏的。（过去分词作表语） 　　The bicycle was broken in an accident. 　　自行车是在一次事故中被损坏的。（被动语态） 　　这类作表语的过去分词在词典中许多已被标注为形容词，如disappointed，interested，broken，pleased，surprised，tired，qualified，known等。 　　2. 作定语 　　单个的过去分词通常作前置定语，强调动作已完成。如： 　　All the fallen leaves have been cleared away. （fallen强调已完成“落下”） 　　The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. （injured强调被动“被伤害”） 　　过去分词短语通常作后置定语，可与定语从句互换。如： 　　The suggestion made by the foreign expert （=which was made by the foreign expert） was adopted by the manager. 　　He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London（=which was polluted by the dirty water from London）. 　　3. 作状语 　　过去分词作状语，与主句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式等等，并可与相应的状语从句或并列句互换。 　　表示时间。如： 　　Shown around the library （=After students were shown around the library）， students were taken to the dining hall. 　　Seen from the top of the tower （=When the village is seen from the top of the tower）， the village looks more beautiful. 　　表示原因。如： 　　Deeply inspired by his speech （=Because we were inspired by his speech）， we decided to achieve our own dreams to the best of our ability. 　　表示?l件。如： 　　Given one more chance （=If I am given one more chance）， I will finish the work faster and better. 　　表示让步。如： 　　Trained ten hours a day （=Even if he is trained ten hours a day）， he will still be a fool. 　　Warned of the danger （=Although he was warned of the danger）， he still skated on the thin ice. 　　表示方式或伴随。如： 　　The teacher walked into the classroom， followed by a group of students（=and was followed by a group of students）. 　　Seated at the table， my father and I were talking about my job（=My father and I were seated at the table and talking