池塘泥鳅养殖水体水质调查和治理对策.docVIP

池塘泥鳅养殖水体水质调查和治理对策 　　摘要 为了解池塘泥鳅养殖对养殖水体的影响，选择湖北天门四海泥鳅养殖基地和仙桃市郭河镇养殖户的10口泥鳅养殖池塘及水源进行取样分析，调查养殖池塘水质污染情况，分析水质污染的原因，并提出治理对策。结果表明，调查区域的养鳅水源为井水，水质偏酸性、氧化还原电位偏低、氨氮偏高，不符合养殖要求。池塘养殖水体pH值、氧化还原电位、电导率浓度范围正常，而氨氮、总氮、总磷、化学需氧量浓度严重超标，浮游生物量偏高。调查区域泥鳅养殖池塘污染以营养物质和有机物污染为主，水质污染主要与饲料选择、投加方式有关。泥鳅养殖池塘可采用生物浮床、人工湿地等生态技术改善水质。 　　关键词 池塘泥鳅养殖；水质分析；渔业水质标准；地表水环境质量标准；治理对策 　　中图分类号 S966.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）03-0236-03 　　Abstract In order to understand the effect of pond loach breeding on aquaculture water，10 loach breeding ponds and water source from Sihai loach breeding base of Tianmen City in Hubei Province and loach farmers of Guohe Town in Xiantao City were selected for water quality investigation. The causes of water pollution were analyzed and governance countermeasures were put forward in this paper.The results indicated that the water source for loach culture in investigated region was well water with acidic，low redox potential and high ammonia nitrogen，which couldn′t meet the requirement of aquaculture.The range of pH value，redox potential and conductivity of loach breeding water was normal，while the concentration of ammonia nitrogen，total nitrogen，total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand was seriously overproof and plankton biomass was high.Nutrients and organic pollution were the two main causes of loach culture pond pollution in investigated region.Water quality pollution was mainly related to feed selection and release method.Ecological technologies such as biological floating bed and constructed wetland should be adopted in loach culture pond，so as to improve the water quality. 　　Key words pond loach culture；water quality analysis；fishery water quality standard；surface water environmental quality standard；governance countermeasure 　　?S着经济的快速发展，人们越来越追求高品质的生活，泥鳅作为典型的高蛋白低脂肪营养食品，越来越受到人们的喜爱。由于国内外的市场需求量大，市场价格可观，养殖户纷纷开始养殖泥鳅，养殖规模由小型水体养殖向高密度、集约化、规模化发展，形成了高生物负载量和高投入量的养殖模式。在这种模式下，养殖密度超过了水体容量，大量残余饲料所含的氮、磷等植物性营养元素、悬浮性颗粒、耗氧有机物等成为了养殖水体的主要污染来源，导致养殖水体污染日趋严重[1]。 　　泥鳅养殖过程中残余饲料和泥鳅排泄物导致水体中植物营养性元素