法国青少年足球训练实践和理念及其启示.docVIP

法国青少年足球训练实践和理念及其启示 　　摘 要：对法国青少年足球训练实践与理念进行研究。“五步训练法”是法国青少年足球训练实践的核心内容，它包括对抗热身、协调性训练、情景训练、技术训练和比赛，其中除协调性训练之外其它4部分是递进相连的，是围绕一个训练主题展开的。法国青少年足球训练设计的理论基础是行为主义理论和构建主义理论，在这两种理论的指导下总结出两种训练法和3种教学模式指导训练实践，同时体现出其训练理念。法国青少年足球训练理念一切围绕比赛，培养球员的思考能力和创造力。为更好提高我国青少年足球水平，需要做到构建具有国际视野的足球新理念；调整足球训练课内容结构，围绕主题、注重对抗性训练；引导球员学会比赛，用“脑”踢球。 　　关 键 词：竞赛与训练；运动训练；法国足球；青少年 　　中图分类号：G808 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2017）06-0127-05 　　Abstract： The author studied French teenager football training practice and philosophy， and drew the following conclusions： the “five-step training method” is the core content of French teenager football training practice， it includes contesting warm-up， coordination training， scenario training， technique training and competition， in which all the other 4 parts except coordination training are connected progressively， and developed according to a training theme； the theoretical foundations of French teenager football training design are behaviorism theory and constructivism theory， and guided by such two theories， two training methods and three teaching modes are established to guide training practice， also to show its training philosophy； French teenager football training philosophy is to cultivate the players’ thinking ability and creativity in every aspect according to competition. The author put forward the followings： in order to improve Chinese teenager football performance， it is necessary to establish a new football philosophy with an international vision， to adjust football training course content structure， to focus on contesting training according to the theme， and to guide the players to learn to play the game and play football with their brains. 　　Key words： competition and training；sports training；French football；teenager 　　法国曾培养出齐达内、德尚、德约卡夫、亨利、特雷泽盖、本泽马等一大批世界级优秀足球球员。在2012年媒体评出的欧洲俱乐部青训水平排名中里昂、雷恩、索肖进入前10位，里昂位居巴塞罗那之后位列第二[1]。2012赛季里昂、雷恩、索肖、波尔多、摩纳哥等13家法国青训营，共为欧洲五大联赛输出255名球员[2]。正是由于法国青训的丰硕成果，使得法国在2016年欧锦赛U19的比赛中分别以5∶1大胜荷兰、3∶1力克葡萄牙、4∶0战胜意大利队获得冠军[3]。可以说，法国足球人才培养理念、