产业分类的研究述评.docVIP

产业分类的研究述评 　　摘要：本文首先对目前世界上主要的六种产业分类方法进行了梳理，它们分别是三次产业分类法，国际标准产业分类法，两大部类分类法，农、轻、重分类法，生产要素集约分类法和霍夫曼分类法。接着，本文对各产业分类方法的优缺点进行了分析和讨论。基于对各产业分类方法的优缺点的总结，本文进一步提出，在当今这个消费者主导的市场上，已有的产业分类方法共同具有的局限性在于它们主要从生产角度进行产业分类, 缺乏对人本身的思考, 未能从消费者的角度出发进行考虑，已无法满足当今社会的要求。最后，文章指出，将消费者的需求纳入考虑并作为产业分类的主要分析因素是适应并最能体现当今社会发展趋势的。 　　关键词：现有产业分类方法 优缺点分析 局限性 消费者需求 　　 　　A Research Review of the Industrial Classification 　　——the Demand of Consumers 　　Qin Danni 　　(Central University of Finance and Economics) 　　Abstract: Firstly, the paper gives a brief introduction of the six main theories of industrial classification in the world, which are Triple Industrial Classification Method; International Standard Industrial Classification; Classification of Two Major Sectors; the Classification of Farming, Light and Heavy; The Classification of Production factors and Hoffman Classification. Secondly, the paper continues to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each theory. Then, taking the analysis of advantages and disadvantages as a foundation, the paper concludes that the common limitation of the six theories is that they think more about production when classifying the industries, thus lacking the consideration of human beings. In other words, these theories dont take the demand of consumers into consideration, thus leading to fact that they cant satisfy the need of the modern society, in which consumers play an important role. In the end, the paper points out that using the demand of consumer as one of the important factors in classifying the industry is a better way, which can adapt to the trend of the society well. 　　Key Words:Industrial classification; Advantages and Disadvantages; Limitation; Demand of Consumers 　　 　　一、引言 　　 为了研究产业之间的相互联系,即产业结构的比例与变化,从而进一步解释产业经济发展的各类现象,揭示这些产业经济现象背后隐含的各种规律,我们需要对国民经济全部活动或部分活动进行划分,即产业分类。产业分类是研究国民经济结构的前提,是进行国民经济统计分析的基础。 　　 目前，世界上现有的主要产业分类标准及方法包括：按“产业发展层次顺序及其与自然界关系不同”进行分类的“三次产业分类法”；按统计标准进行分类的“标准产业分类法”；按“产品的最终用途不同”进行分类的“马克思两大部类分类法”；按“物质生产特点不同”进行分类的“农、轻、重分类法”；按“生产