国外医疗公正代表性理论的研究述评.docVIP

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国外医疗公正代表性理论的研究述评.doc

国外医疗公正代表性理论的研究述评

国外医疗公正代表性理论的研究述评   摘要:公正是伦理学的核心范畴。医疗公正是公正问题在医疗领域的体现,其根本目的是保证人的健康权利实现。医疗公正的核心是医疗资源的合理分配。国外不同学派的公正医疗观各不相同,功利主义、平等主义、激进自由主义、社群主义,分别强调公共效益的最大化、分配正义、市场分配、共同体价值。国外医疗公正理论具有标准多元、学科交叉、思路统一的特点,在特殊性、可操作性及日常生活进路方面的研究欠缺。我们可借鉴国外医疗公正思想,探索适合我国实际的医疗公正理论,推进我国的医疗公正实践。      关键词:医疗公正;功利主义;平等主义;激进自由主义;社群主义      中图分类号:B82-05文献标志码:A文章编号:1671-1254(2014)03-0001-09               A Review on the Medical Care Justice Theory Abroad      LI Jie, HAO Wen??jun      (1. Ideological and Political Department, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China;   2. Health and Management Department, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China)      Abstract:Justice is the core category and the major topic in ethics studies, which involves the issues of economy,education,medicine and other fields. Medical justice relates to people’s life and health, and it has certain different characteristics compared with other justice studies, which is particularly important. The kernel of justice of medical care is how to distribute the limited medical resources among the members of society. In this regard, different academic schools abroad hold a variety of different points of view. This essay first gives a survey of the major theories and viewpoints on medical care justice in overseas countries such as utilitarianism, equalitarianism, radical liberalism and communitarianism, and then analyzes their characteristics and problems, thus highlighting the important inspiring significance to the construction of Chinese medical care justice theory.      Keywords:justice of medical care; utilitarianism; equalitarianism; radical liberalism; communitarianism                  公正是人类社会文明的标志,它涉及到人们生活的各个领域,而医疗领域的公正是社会公正的核心和最基本的原则[1]。因此,医疗公正问题引起了国内外学者的高度关注,取得了丰硕的研究成果,尤其是在医疗公正的理论研究方面,国外硕果累累。分析、研究并借鉴这些成果的积极意义,无疑将会对构建我国的医疗公正理论具有重要意义。       一、医疗公正的内涵解析      公正是人类道德追求的永恒主题。人类的伦理思想史,几乎就是一部公正思想史[2]。公正是伦理学的核心范畴。之所以如此,是因为公正根植于人性之中,是人性的一种基本追求。人类之所以追求公平正义,既有客观原因,也有主观原因。正如休漠所说:“正义只是起源于人的自私

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