外贸企业新兴市场客户风险评价指标的体系构建的研究.docVIP

外贸企业新兴市场客户风险评价指标的体系构建的研究 　　[摘 要] 近年来，中国对新兴经济体进出口总体保持较快增长。由于新兴经济体自身存在的政治、经济结构等问题，决定了这是一个机遇和风险并存的市场。通过梳理我国外贸企业在新兴市场面临的主要风险，初步设计了外贸企业新兴市场客户风险评价指标体系，旨在帮助外贸企业进行客户风险评估，在出口市场多元化的同时，尽量规避风险。总体而言，来自于新兴市场的需求可以减少我国企业对传统市场的依赖，分散经营风险，但是由于新兴市场经济体自身存在的诸多经济结构问题，使其极易受到外部影响，贸易政策表现出重大的不确定性。我国外贸企业必须对此有充分的认识，并且努力设法规避这些风险，从建立内部风险管理机制着手，这样才能在分享新兴市场盛宴的同时，保护好自身利益。 　　[关键词] 外贸企业；新兴市场；风险评价；指标体系；构建 　　[中图分类号] F370 [文献标识码] A 　　Customer Risk Assessment Indicator System for Foreign Trade Enterprises in Emerging Markets 　　LUO Junqin 　　Abstract： In recent years， import and export trade between China and emerging economies has increased at rapid speed. Emerging economies are markets with both opportunities and risks due to their own issues in terms of politics and economic structure. The study analyzed main risks for Chinas foreign trade enterprises in emerging markets and established a customer risk assessment indicator system. The system aims to help foreign trade enterprises evaluate customer risks in a way that helps avoid risks while ensuring diversified export markets. Overall， the demand from emerging markets could help Chinese enterprises reduce the dependence on traditional markets and spread operational risks. However， owing to issues regarding economic structure， enonomies of emerging markets are so vulnerable to the external impact that their trade policies usually have a great deal of uncertainty. Chinas foreign trade enterprises must fully aware of the uncertainty， strive to avoid these risks， and build a risk control system. By doing so， they could take a share of the emerging markets and safeguard their own interest as well. 　　Key words： foreign trade enterprise， emerging market， risk assessment， indicator system， establishment 　　2014年，中国货物进出口总额43030.4亿美元，增长3.4%。其中，出口23427.5亿美元，增长6.1%；进口19602.9亿美元，增长0.4%。贸易顺差3824.6亿美元。2014年，中国进出口增速比全球贸易增速高出2.7个百分点，也高于美国、欧盟、日本、印度、巴西等主要经济体增速，全球第一货物贸易大国地位进一步巩固。进出口企业开拓新兴市场取得新成效，对东盟、印度、俄罗斯、非洲和中东欧国家进出口增速均快于整体增速。2015年一季度，中国对美国、欧盟出口分别增长11.3%和2.5%，对印度、东