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大别山区老栗园高改技术的研究
大别山区老栗园高改技术的研究
摘要:大别山区是中国板栗(Castanea mollissima Blume.)的重要产区之一,现有大面积的老栗园因管理粗放导致树冠郁闭、结果部位外移、病虫害发生严重、树体衰老、产量低或绝产,亟须改造。试验通过对大别山区老栗园进行不同的高接换种方法比较试验,结合更新品种和优化管理技术措施,对两地共10.7 hm2的20~30年生板栗树进行了高接换种改造技术研究。结果表明,以矮截干低接的改造方法最优,其嫁接植株的成活率为79.8%,第三年树冠冠径可达3.32 m×3.30 m,平均株产2.63 kg,较定植嫁接苗建园的栗树提早3~4年结果投产;第四年树冠冠径达4.48 m×4.58 m,平均株产7.78 kg,进入了丰产期。
关键词:板栗;老栗园;嫁接
中图分类号:S664.2;S605+.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2011)06-1172-04
Study on Transformation Techniques of Old Castanea mollissima Plantations
in Dabie Mountains
XU Yu-hai1,FANG Bo1,HE Xiu-juan1,FANG Hong-yuan2,ZHOU Yuan-chun2
(1. Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430209, China;
2. Luotian Forestry Bureau, Hubei Province, Luotian 438600, Hubei, China)
Abstract: Dabie Mountain was one of the major chestnut(Castanea mollissima Blume.) producing area in China. Because of extensive management, the tree was crown closure, fruiting part shifted out, diseases occurred severely, the trees grew old and weak, and the production decreased. These old plantations needed to be reformed urgently. In this experiment, grafting technical researches were carried out on chestnut trees of 20~30 years old in two orchards of 10.7 hm2, combined with variety renovation and improving management methods. The effects of several different canopy replacement methods were compared. The results indicated that the best transformation method was to graft at low pruning stem. The graft survival rate of transformed plants was 79.8%. In the 3rd year, the crown diameter of the chestnut trees reached 3.32 m×3.30 m, the average yield of singe tree was 2.63 kg, the fruiting production period was 3~4 years earlier than that of the grafted planting-stock. In the 4th year, the crown diameter reached 4.48 m×4.58 m and the average yield of single tree was 7.78 kg, the grafted trees entered high yield period.
Key words: Castanea mollissima Blume.; old chestnut plantations; grafting
大别山区是中国板栗(Ca
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