超声多普勒多点血流测量技术研究-仪器仪表工程专业论文.docxVIP

HYPERLINK \l _bookmark0 摘 HYPERLINK \l _bookmark0 摘 要 - - I - 万方数据 摘 要 无论是对于血管疾病的早期诊断、治疗方案的确定、疗效的评估，还是对于人体 器官的生理、病理研究，血管中血流速度的测量都具有十分重要的意义。传统的血流 测量技术通常只对血管内的平均血流速度进行测量，难以得到全面的血流速度分布信 息。本文根据超声多普勒效应，设计和实现了一个基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列（FPGA， Field Programmable Gate Array）的超声多普勒多点血流测量系统，实现了血管内不同 深度的多点血流速度测量，并得到了血流速度剖面。 本文主要完成了超声多普勒多点血流测量系统的硬件电路和 FPGA 算法的设计 和实现。硬件电路设计包括超声发射电路、前端接收放大电路、控制和信号处理模块、 USB3.0 接口数据传输电路的设计。FPGA 算法设计包括 FIR 数字带通滤波器、基于 希尔伯特变换的数字解调器、测量深度选通控制、超声回波信号频谱分析和 USB3.0 接口读写控制算法设计。然后，本文基于 Altera 公司的 Quartus II 开发环境，使用 VHDL 语言编程实现了上述各算法。 本文搭建了血流测量实验平台并制作了模拟血管和血液模拟液，然后对设计完成 的基于 FPGA 的超声多普勒多点血流测量系统进行了实验验证，并将该系统的测量结 果与商用超声仪的测量结果进行了比较。比较结果表明，本文设计完成的基于 FPGA 的超声多普勒多点血流测量系统具有较高的测量精度，实现了多点血流测量功能。 关键词：血流速度测量；超声多普勒；FPGA；血流速度剖面 HYPERLINK \l _bookmark1 A HYPERLINK \l _bookmark1 Abstract - - II - 万方数据 Abstract The measurement of blood flow velocity is very important for the early diagnosis of vascular diseases, the determination of treatment schemes, the assessment of treatment efficacy, and the physiological and pathological studies of human organs. Usually the traditional blood flow measurement techniques only estimate the average blood flow velocity in the blood vessel. And they cannot obtain the overall distribution information of the blood flow velocities. On the basis of the ultrasound Doppler effect, an FPGA-based ultrasound Doppler multi-point blood flow measuring system has been designed and accomplished in this dissertation, which can measure the blood flow velocities at different depths in the blood vessel and obtain the profile of the blood flow velocities. The main work of this dissertation was to design and realize the hardware circuits and the FPGA algorithms of the ultrasound Doppler multi-point blood flow measuring system. The design of hardware circuits includes the ultrasonic transmission circuit, the front-end receiving and amplification circuit, the control and signal processing module, and the USB3.0 interface data transmission circuit. The design of the FP