从生态女性主义角度解读《德伯家的苔丝》-比较文学与世界文学专业论文.docxVIP

托马斯·哈代是英国伟大的批判现实主义作家，他的“性格与环境小说” 闻名于世界，代表作《德伯家的苔丝》在文学史上的地位更是举足轻重。在他的 作品中，自然和女性不仅是他创作的两大灵感，也是他关注的焦点。他认为自然 和女性是紧密相连的，自然是女性生存的沃土而女性则是自然的化身，女性和自 然在经验与体验上都是相统一的，她们的命运也是相辅相成的。生态女性主义是 女权运动和生态运动相结合的产物，生态女性主义者相信女人和自然之间有很大 的亲近性，认为男人统治妇女与人类统治自然之间的关系紧密，这种关系就直接 表现为父权制的世界观。所以生态女性主义者呼吁按照生态学原则和女性主义原 则重建人类社会，不仅使大自然摆脱被剥削的命运，也使女性能够得到彻底的解 放。 本文把哈代的生态女性主义观和生态女性主义理论结合起来，首先阐述了哈 代的生态女性观以及哈代如何以其生态女性观创造出《德伯家的苔丝》。其次从 人与自然的自然生态角度解读了苔丝的悲剧命运，认为苔丝和大自然不仅关系亲 密而且命运悲剧是一致的。再次从人与社会的人文生态角度评析苔丝的悲剧命 运，认为苔丝所处社会的政治经济、文化和道德观念以及哈代本人所处的社会决 定了苔丝无法摆脱的悲惨命运。接着本文从哈代的生态女性主义角度窥视了苔丝 的女性主义意识的崛起，苔丝不但表现了离经叛道的异教气质还向传统的贞操观 念发出挑战。最后探讨了哈代生态女性观研究对当代的启示意义，警醒人们要形 成两性和谐的生态女性观，并呼吁人们建立一个男女平等、物种平等、两性和谐、 人类与自然和谐相处的社会。 关键词: 生态女性主义；自然；女性；悲剧；和谐 Tomas Hardy is a great realistic writer in British literature history. Hardy’s “novels of Character and Environment” are famous all over the world and his masterpiece Tess of the D’Urbervilles has an enduring position in literature history. In his works, nature and women are his major concerns from which he gets numerous inspirations to create literary works. In his opinion, nature and women are closely linked , nature is the home where women live, meanwhile women are the symbols who stand for nature, so nature and women are einheitlich in experience and position and their fates are complementary. Eco-feminism theory originates from the ecological movement and the feminist movement，which believes that there is a great affinity between nature and women, considers that the relationship is close between male’s domination to women and human’s domination to nature and this relationship represents the patriarchal world view. Therefore Eco-feminist appeals to reconstruct the human society in accordance with the principles of ecology and feminism , where the nature can aviod being exploited and women can get complete liberation. By combining Hardy’s Ecological Feminism with Eco-feminism theory, this paper firstly analyzes Hardy’ natural feminism and the influence it exerts in Hardy’s creating Tess o