恩格斯晚年对唯物史观的贡献-马克思主义理论与思想政治教育专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 唯物史观是马克思与恩格斯共同创立的，从创立之始就不停地与旧唯物主 义、各种唯心主义进行斗争。唯物史观经历了它的创立、经济学上与政治学上的 证明与运用，逐渐发展、成熟、完善起来。本文通过探讨唯物史观与辩证法的关 系，用实证比较分析的方法考察了恩格斯晚年唯物史观的观点与马克思的观点的 异同，阐述了恩格斯晚年在历史跨越论、两种生产理论、历史合力论、国家学说 以及意识形态学说方面对唯物史观的创新与发展，并进一步分析了恩格斯晚年唯 物史观在革命与社会建设中的应用与进一步的创新与发展。恩格斯从理论与实 践、历史与现实、宏观与微观方面多层次、多角度地展开了对唯物史观的探讨， 实现了自然观、历史观、社会观的统一，也集中体现了历史本体论、历史决定论 与历史方法论的辩证统一。恩格斯逝世后理论界出现“马克思—恩格斯问题”的 大争论，伯恩施坦“修正主义”歪曲了马克思主义，否定唯物史观,认为恩格斯 晚年唯物史观背离了马克思的唯物史观；卢卡奇开创的“西方马克思主义”在对 马克思主义剖析后出现“马恩对立论”、“马恩差异论”。所谓“马克思—恩格斯 问题”的争论与探讨，恰恰说明唯物史观具有强大的生命力。马克思恩格斯的学 术思想总的来说是一脉相承的，不同之处只是马克思主义学说内部的差异。唯物 史观重视时代问题、重视实践问题，是一个与时俱进的开放系统，恩格斯晚年对 唯物史观的贡献是留给我们的极其宝贵的思想财富，它不仅是对 19 世纪唯物史 观理论和实践经验的总结，也为 20 世纪唯物史观的创新与发展指明了方向，并 继续引领 21 世纪的唯物史观的创新与发展，在新时期它也继续像一盏明灯一样 指引着中国的和谐社会的建设。 关键词：恩格斯晚年，唯物史观，“马克思——恩格斯问题 V ABSTRACT Materialistic Conception of History was co-founded by Marx and Engels, which kept struggling against Old Materialism and all kinds of Idealism from the beginning of its creation. Having experienced its founding, the proof and the application in Economics and Political Science, Materialistic Conception of History gradually developed, matured and perfected. By discussing the relationship between Materialistic Conception of History and Materialist Dialectics and with the Empirical Comparative,in the thesis we analysed the similarities and differences on the views of Materialistic Conception of History between Engels and Marx. It described Engels′ innovation and development of Materialistic Conception of History on Leap of History, Theory of two kinds of Production,Historical Forces,Theory of the State ,Ideological Theory in his later years, which further analysed its application, further innovation and development in the revolution and social construction. From multi levels and angles in Theory and Practice, History and reality, Macro and Micro levels, Engels launched the discussion of Materialistic Conception of History, which realized the unity of Nature, History and Social Values, and also embodied the dialectical unity of History Onto