恶臭污染预警应急技术研究-管理科学与工程专业论文.docxVIP

恶臭污染预警应急技术研究 摘 要 近年来，随着经济的高速发展，城市化进程的不断加快，原有的城市规划、工业结构 和工业布局不合理，加上新兴的污水处理厂和垃圾填埋厂等市政设施的兴建，恶臭污染源 数量日益增加，人们对恶臭污染事件的投诉越来越多，恶臭污染日益成为一个严重的环境 和社会问题。然而，由于恶臭污染组成复杂、来源广泛，且受气象、地形、地势等周围环 境的影响较大，不易掌握其污染扩散规律，恶臭一直是困扰环保管理部门的热点、难点问 题。本文研究了恶臭污染预警应急的方法与指标、污染等级划分以及恶臭污染预测模型， 研究成果可为恶臭污染预警应急系统的建立提供参考。 本文研究了国内外恶臭污染、环境应急管理以及环境预警的研究现状和发展趋势，应 急管理和预警在环境中的应用以及恶臭污染高斯扩散模型。借鉴环境预警的概念和类型， 针对恶臭污染的性质和特点，提出了恶臭污染预警应急系统的概念，并将其分为基于源和 基于受体预警的两种类型；借鉴已有的环境预警指标与方法，建立了恶臭污染预警应急指 标，并选择了恶臭污染那预警应急的方法；对恶臭污染程度进行了等级划分，对恶臭污染 警情的判定提供重要依据；在高斯扩散模型的基础上，建立了恶臭污染预测模型。 通过上述研究，本文从预警应急管理系统的总体构架、应用子系统功能及构成设计两 方面对恶臭污染预警应急的管理系统的构建进行设计，探讨如何构建恶臭污染预警应急系 统，对恶臭污染物在环境介质中的迁移转化趋势进行仿真模拟，确定污染物影响范围、浓 度变化趋势，科学的预测污染的发展趋势，智能研判污染事件等级，并提出应急预案。 关键词：恶臭污染，臭气浓度，预警应急技术 i THE RESEARCH OF ODOR POLLUTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY ENGINEERING ABSTRACT In recent years, the numbers of odor pollution sources and odor pollution events are increasing rapidly, along with the high growth of economics and urbanization process. Odor pollution becomes a serious environmental and social problem, mainly attributable to various chemical industries, sewage disposal plants and garbage landfill sites, coupled with the unreasonable urban planning and industry layout. However, it is difficult to reveal the rules of odor diffusion with dilution, because of the complexity of odor components and its widespread sources as well as other influencing factors (i.e. meteorology, landform, hypsography, etc.). Odor pollution has been one of the hot and most difficult problems that nagging the environmental management department. This paper studied the method and the index of the odor pollution early warning emergency, the pollution degree division as well as the odor pollution forecast model. The research results may provide the reference for the establishment of the odor pollution early warning emergency system. This article analyzed the present research situation and development trend of domestic and foreign odor pollution as well as environment early warning. It makes a suggestion