二维视觉自动对焦与测量系统的研究-机械电子工程专业论文.docxVIP

Classified Index: TH741 U.D.C: 621 Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering RESEARCH ON 2D AUTO FOCUSING AND MEASURING SYSTEM BASED ON MACHINE VISION Candidate：Chen GongSupervisor： Associate ProAcademic Candidate： Chen Gong Supervisor： Associate Pro Academic Degree Applied for： Master of En Speciality： Mechatronics Affiliation： Shenzhen Gr Date of Defence： June 2010 Degree-Conferring-Institution： Harbin Institu te of Technology 摘要 近年来，制造业发展突飞猛进，带动了视觉测量技术的发展，其相关产 品以非接触、易操作等优点被广泛应用。国内的公司将视觉测量系统的开发 作为热点，并将自动对焦系统嵌入产品，以实现其自动化。 本文以哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院光机电一体化实验室自选研究课题 为基础，对机器视觉测量系统及其对焦系统进行研究开发，并使用该系统对 细微零件的尺寸进行测量。 自动对焦系统通过工业相机采集工件图像，并将获得的灰度像素信息传 输给 PC。PC 再使用边缘检测函数对图像的清晰度进行计算，并将结果作为 对焦判据。将相机固定在 Z 轴平台上，运动控制器执行一维峰值搜索算法， 使相机在对焦区间之内搜索到对焦位置。 图像测量时，首先对系统采集到的清晰图像进行中值滤波平滑处理，再 对指定边缘特征进行提取和拟合。提取边缘点时先根据特征类型选择一个矩 形或圆弧窗口，再在窗口中沿着一维方向提取那些具有最大一阶导数值的点 作为边缘点。拟合边缘特征时，在最小二乘法中添加权重因子，并通过多次 迭代拟合出受干扰较小的特征。较大工件的某些特征不能够通过一次拍照得 到其完整图像，利用行或列灰度匹配的方法，将分散的特征图像拼接起来进 行测量。最后使用叠加的两块量块对系统进行标定，再将图像测量的结果与 工具显微镜测量的结果进行比对。 关键词：图像测量；自动对焦；边缘检测 Abstract In recent years, the manufacturing developed rapidly, and drives machine vision measurement developed. They are widely used which are non-contact, and easy to operate. Domestic companies develop the machine vision measurement by embedding AF system to products to achieve the automation. This paper based on the research topics of Opto-Mechatronics Laboratory of Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School measures and develops the visual system and its AF system. Then this system is used to measure the size of tiny parts and compare them. AF system get the Image by industrial camera, and translate the information of gray into PC. PC calculates function of image’s sharpness, and get the criterion of focusing. Camera is fixed on the platform, which controlled by motion controller. According to 1D search algorithm, the camera get the position of focusing. When measuring the image, image is processed by median filter, extracted edge points then fit of them. E