紫杉醇生物合成途径及合成生物学的研究进展.docVIP

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紫杉醇生物合成途径及合成生物学的研究进展.doc

紫杉醇生物合成途径及合成生物学的研究进展

紫杉醇生物合成途径及合成生物学的研究进展   [摘要] 紫杉醇是一种从红豆杉植物中提取的具有显著抗癌效果的萜类次生代谢产物。作为有效的抗癌药物,目前生产主要依赖于红豆杉,供求矛盾十分突出。近年来,利用合成生物学技术建立新的紫杉醇来源途径已成为研究热点。目前,紫杉醇合成途径基本框架已经确定;参与紫杉醇合成相关酶基因大部分已被克隆和鉴定;已经在大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母中异源合成了紫杉醇的前体物质紫杉烯和5α羟基紫杉烯。该研究对紫杉醇生物合成途径及紫杉醇药物中间体在大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母工程细胞中的合成进展进行了综述,以期为生物合成紫杉醇进一步研究提供参考。   [关键词] 紫杉醇; 合成途径; 合成生物学   Recent advances in biosynthetic pathway and synthetic biology of taxol   KUANG Xuejun1, WANG Caixia2, ZOU Liqiu1, LI Ying1, SUN Chao1*   (1. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, China Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,   Beijing 100193, China;   2. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China)   [Abstract] Taxol, a kind of terpenoid secondary metabolite produced by Taxus brevifolia, is an effective anticancer drug that manufacture relies mainly on the extraction form plants. In order to solve the resource shortage, a lot of work has been done to develop the alternative method. Recently, using synthetic biology to realize heterologous biosynthesis of the precursors of taxol has become a hotspot. Now, the basic framework of taxol biosynthetic pathways has been confirmed, and most enzyme genes involved in taxol biosynthesis have been cloned and identified. The two taxol precursors, taxa4(5),11(12)diene and taxa4(20),11(12)dien5αol, have been synthesized in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here this paper reviewed the recent advances in the biosynthetic pathway of taxol and the latest developments of synthetic biology, which aims to provide a guidance for the heterologous biosynthesis of taxol.   [Key words] taxol; biosynthetic pathway; synthetic biology   doi:10.4268/cjcm   紫杉醇是一种复杂的四环二萜类化合物,1971年首次由Wani等从短叶红豆杉Taxus brevifolia Nutt.树皮中提取出来并确定其结构[1]。该植物天然产物具有低毒、高效的抗癌效果,自1992年上市以来,广泛用于卵巢癌、乳腺癌和非小细胞癌的治疗,市场需求巨大[2]。   作为抗癌药物,紫杉醇的分子结构非常复杂,有11个立体中心和1个17碳的四环骨架结构[3]。紫杉醇属于次生代谢产物,合成量少,从短叶红豆杉树皮仅能获得500 mg?kg-1的产量,远远满足不了临床的需要[34]。也有学者对其进行化学合成的研究,但合成路线复杂,而且反应条件难以控制,

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