黄瓜霜霉病抗性的研究进展.docVIP

黄瓜霜霉病抗性的研究进展 　　摘要: 霜霉病是世界上危害瓜类作物的主要叶部病害之一。霜霉病菌小种分化问题虽然在国际上还存在争议, 但在国内尚未发现小种分化现象。文章归纳了不同的霜霉病抗性鉴定方法; 报道了不同黄瓜材料对霜霉病的抗性与其叶片生理生化物质含量变化关系的最新研究进展; 介绍了对黄瓜霜霉病抗性遗传规律研究主要的2 个结果: 多基因抗性和单隐性基因抗性; 概述了黄瓜霜霉病分子标记研究现状和挖掘、利用黄瓜近缘野生种抗霜霉病基因的最新进展。 　　关键词: 黄瓜; 霜霉病; 抗性 　　 　　Progr ess on downy mildew r esistance in cucumberCAO Qing- he1, 2, WAN Hong- jian1, CHEN Jin- feng1 　　1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing,Jiangsu, 210095, China; 2. Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Center, Institute of Sweet Potato, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221121, China) 　　Abstr act: Downy mildewis a major foliage disease of cucurbit crops in the world. Though the researches on pathogen racesdifferentiation display different results between different nations, the phenomenon is now not found in China. This paperreviewed different the identification techniques of the disease. The new progresses were reported that the relations betweenresistance level in different accessions and the content of physiology- biochemical substance in each accession’s leaves.Resistance genetic regulation to downy mildew mainly lay in two results: multiple gene resistance and single recessive generesistance. Molecular markers of resistance to downy mildew in cucumber were reported, and the new proceedings of discoveringand utilizing resistance gene of relative wild species of cucumber was also done.Key words: Cucumber; Downy mildew; Resistance 　　黄瓜霜霉病是由古巴假霜霉病菌[Pseudoperonosporacubensis (Berk. Curt.) Rostov] 引起的, 俗称“跑马干”、“黑毛”等, 是世界范围内黄瓜产区主要叶部病害之一[1, 2]。在美国北卡罗来纳州, 霜霉病的发生率为30%, 造成的经济损失占整个黄瓜产值的2.9%[3]。在我国, 霜霉病与白粉病、枯萎病并列为黄瓜三大病害。在适宜的条件下, 病情发展很快, 几天时间便会蔓延到全田, 造成叶片发黄、枯死, 产量损失巨大, 轻者减产10%~20%, 重者在30%以上, 给黄瓜生产带来巨大威胁[4]。 　　霜霉菌P. cubensis 除了侵染黄瓜外, 还侵染葫芦科的大约20 个属40 个种的作物, 其中10 个种在黄瓜属[5]。霜霉菌P. cubensis 侵染黄瓜属的现象除了在美国、中国发生外, 已在世界70 个国家有过报道[6]。因此, 对黄瓜属危害如此严重的病害, 引起了国内外研究者的高度重视, 最近几年, 从病理学方面的研究到与抗病育种相关的分子标记以及利用野生种进行抗性材料创新等方面的研究成果不断