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合肥市小学生抑郁症状及相关因素剖析
合肥市小学生抑郁症状及相关因素剖析
【摘 要】目的:了解小学生抑郁症状现况,探讨可能的相关影响因素。方法:采用儿童抑郁量表(CDI)及自编问卷对合肥市2078名小学生进行抑郁症状及其生活方式、社会支持等情况调查。结果:小学生抑郁症状检出率为11.9%,男生检出率高于女生(13.6%/9.6%,χ2=7.01,P0.01)。早上起床感觉不好、晚上睡觉时间迟及睡眠不好者出现抑郁症状的危险性是没有该情况者的2倍,有节食行为与一周吃早饭天数3天可使抑郁症状发生的危险性增加1.5倍。学校生活状况,父母支持、伙伴支持及老师支持是降低抑郁症状发生的保护因素,各得分每增加1分,发生抑郁的危险性可降低约1/2。结论:建立良好的学校、家庭、伙伴等社会支持环境,培养良好的生活与学习习惯,有利于降低小学生抑郁症状的发生。?
【关键词】 抑郁;小学生;社会支持;横断面调查?
中图分类号: R749.41、R749.94 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-6729(2007)012-00809-03?
Related Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Urban Primary School Students?
ZHANG Hong-Bo, XU Juan, WANG Jian-Jie, et al.?
School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032??
【Abstract】Objective: To study the prevalence of depressive symptom and related factors among urban primary school students in Hefei. Methods: 2,078 primary school students were surveyed with questionnaires including Childrens Depression Inventory and items of social support and life style. Results:The prevalence of depressive symptom was 11.9%, the rate of boys was significant higher than that of girls (13.6%/9.6%,χ2=7.01,P0.01). Going to bed after 10:00 PM, being on a diet in a week, having less breakfast, playing computer game frequently, not watching TV and not doing exercise were associated with depressive symptom. Social support was protective factors. Conclusion:Improving school supportive environment of student and fostering healthy-life style would prevent depressive symptom among primary school students.?
【Keywords】 depressive symptom; primary school students; social support;cross-sectional investigation??
抑郁症状是儿童青少年常见的心理问题,进一步发展可导致抑郁症。Kazdin[1]研究显示,抑郁症状从儿童期开始出现。近年研究提示儿童抑郁症状发生呈上升趋势[2,3]。探讨儿童抑郁的危险因素与保护因素对控制抑郁症状发生至关重要[4]。既往研究提示不良生活事件、个性以及负性认知等与抑郁症状相关联[5-7],本研究通过对合肥市小学生进行抑郁症状自评,了解儿童抑郁症状现况并探讨可能的影响因素,为儿童青少年抑郁症的预防和控制提供依据。 ?
1 对象和方法?
1.1 对象 采用分层整群抽样,依据合肥市4个行政区进行分层,在每个区选取学校规模处于中等水平的小学1所,从每所小学的3、4、5年级中采用单纯随机抽样的方法各抽取3个班为调查对象。发放问卷2078份,回收2078份,其中7份答卷为填写不全或未填,获得有效问卷2071份,有效应答率为99.7%。男生1096人,占52.9%,女生97
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