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宁夏生态移民区发展驱动力路径剖析
宁夏生态移民区发展驱动力路径剖析
摘要:在构建了理论模型和提出10条假设的条件下,利用SEM模型从移民政策、移民收入、移民生产、移民生活、社会交往和发展驱动力等因素入手对宁夏5个行政村,共计201份有效问卷进行分析。通过模型验证,剔除了4条不成立的假设,得到了显著的发展驱动力路径图。结果表明,移民生产和生活是最主要的驱动力;政府应该加大就业和教育等软环境投资;政策的投放和宣传要紧密结合等。
关键词:SEM模型;生态移民;发展驱动力;路径
中图分类号:F323.6 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2016)04-1035-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.04.055
The Path Analysis of the Development Driving Force in Ningxia
Ecol-immigration Area
HUANG Li-jun1,LI Sheng-lian1,2,ZHANG Hai-tao3,ZHANG Li-ying2
(1.School of Economics and Management of Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China; 2.School of Economics and Management in East China Institute of Technology,Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi,China; 3.Shijiazhuang Posts and Telecommunications Technical College, Shijiazhuang 050021,China)
Abstract: On the condition that ten hypothesis were put forward in constructing the theoretical model, taking advantage of SEM model and starting from the immigration policy, immigrants income, immigrants production, immigrants life, social communication and development driving force factors, 5 administrative villages and a total of 201 valid questionnaires in Ningxia were analyzed. The model test, excluded four not established hypothesis and obtained the path diagram of significant development driving force. The results showed that, the production and life of immigrants were the main driving force,the government should invest employment and education increasely,the delivery and publicity of policy should be closely linked and so on.
Key words: SEM model; ecological migrants; the development driving force; path
生态移民工程是国家自2000年开始实施的一项旨在帮助生活环境极端恶劣的农牧民们走出穷山恶水,走向发家致富的重要举措。生态移民工程不仅会从空间、地域角度直接影响移民,更多的是对移民区的生产方式、教育环境、生活习惯、文化习俗和社会关系结构等方面产生深远影响。一旦移民区的发展机制不健全,移民与移民区不相适应,不仅会浪费大量的人力、物力和财力,还会使移民产生逆反心理,从而形成“返迁”现象,尤其是一些少数民族地区,更会引发民族矛盾,使得国家政策适得其反。因此,研究少数民族生态移民区的发展驱动力及其路径就显得十分必要。以宁夏回族自治区为例,在调研的基础上,以构建理论模型与假设、验证假设的方式进行数据说明。
1 理论模型构建与假设
结构方程模型(Structural equation modeling,SEM)通常包括以下3个矩阵方程式[1-2]:
x=Λxξ+δ (1)
y=Λy
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