《信息管理专业英语》-(课件).pptVIP

Information Management English 授课人：艾丹祥 Email：aidx78@G Reading Materials 2.1 The Knowledge Discovery Process The KD process is interactive and iterative, involving a number of steps with many decisions made by the user. Here we list the main steps of the knowledge discovery process: Reading Materials (1)Understanding the Application Domain: The knowledge discovery process begins by understanding the application domain and the goals of the data mining process. Previously unknown patterns that are useful and effective in the decision making process are expected to be gained. Reading Materials (2) Data Integration and Gathering: In the data integration and gathering step the target data sets are gathered from different data sources for example from heterogeneous databases and data warehouses and combined in a suitable manner. At this step, the relevant data to the analysis process is targeted and retrieved from the data source(s). Reading Materials (3) Data Preprocessing: Eliminating errors, ensuring consistency, solving the problem of missed and repeated data, and transforming the selected data to format that are appropriate for the data mining procedure, are the main tasks of this step. Reading Materials (4) Data Mining: Data mining is the most important step in the knowledge discovery process in which different techniques are applied to extract interesting patterns. In this step, the appropriate data mining algorithm(s) or/and method(s) are decided to be applied on the target data. Reading Materials (5) Visualization: To better understand and analyze the discovered knowledge, it is visually represented to the user using different visualization techniques. Reading Materials (6) Pattern Evaluation: In this step, based on predefined measures, all interesting patterns representing meaningful knowledge are identified. 功能句型 （11）符合标准或达到程度 I. 符合标准 As far as the quality is concerned, the product is (comes) up to the standard. After repeated trials the new calcula