镇江市区9 668例狂犬病暴露者流行病学剖析.docVIP

镇江市区9 668例狂犬病暴露者流行病学剖析 　　[摘要] 目的 分析镇江市2015年狂犬病暴露人群的流行病学特征，为狂犬病防控工作提供理论依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法，对2015年1―12月初次就诊的9 668例狂犬病暴露者资料进行统计分析。 结果 动物致伤夏秋季高发，主要集中在5～8月；暴露者男女比例为1：1.11；各年龄组以41～50岁暴露者所占比例最高（19.53%），仅次的为21～30岁（19.35%）；致伤动物中犬类为主，占73.89%；暴露部位以手部最多见，其次为下肢膝以下，分别占49.15%和29.10%；早期伤口自行处理率仅10.48%；狂犬病疫苗接种率100.00%，但狂犬病患者免疫球蛋白接种率只占45.27%。 结论 必须进一步加强狂犬病防治知识的宣传教育，提高狂犬病患者免疫球蛋白的接种率，以更有效地预防狂犬病的发生。 　　[关键词] 狂犬病；暴露者；流行病学 　　[中图分类号] R512 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742（2017）12（c）-0106-03 　　[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed in Zhenjiang in 2015， and to provide theoretical basis for rabies prevention and control. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of 9 668 cases of rabies exposed from January to December of 2015. Results The incidence of exposure to animals was significantly higher in summer and autumn， mainly in the period from May to August. The ratio of male to female was 1：1.11. The highest proportion of exposed individuals age from 41 to 50 years old （19.53%）， and the second highest proportion of exposed individuals age from 21 to 30 years old （19.35%）. Among the injuring animals， dogs account for 73.89%. The most frequently exposed part of the injured individual was hand （49.15%）， which was followed by the lower extremity below the knee （29.10%）. The early wound self-treatment rate was 10.48%. Rabies vaccination rate was 100.00%. However， the rabies immunoglobulin inoculation rate was only 45.27%. Conclusion It is necessary to further strengthen the publicity and education of rabies prevention and the control knowledge to improve the vaccination rate of rabies immunoglobulin， in order to prevent the occurrence of rabies more effectively. 　　[Key words] Rabies； Exposed individual； Epidemiology 　　狂犬病又?Q“恐水病”，是由狂犬病毒引起的人畜共患传染病，其主要宿主动物和传染源为家犬、猫、鼠等[1-2]。我国是狂犬病高发国之一，2005―2009年发病率0.17/10万～0.25/10万[3]。目前，狂犬病尚无特效治疗方法，一旦发病，病死率几乎达100%，是迄今为止人类病死率最高的急性传染病[4-6]。该文对2015年1―12月的9 668例镇江市区狂犬病暴露者资料进行了统