物证鉴定错误减少对策研究-北大法宝.docVIP

【法宝引证码】 CLI.A.1236498? 原文链接： HYPERLINK /qikan/3754f7a0f1b886f0cfe4017b87ff05d7bdfb.html \t _blank /qikan/3754f7a0f1b886f0cfe4017b87ff05d7bdfb.html 物证鉴定错误减少对策研究  期刊名称： HYPERLINK /journal/articlebyclass?ClassCodeKey=172, \t _blank 《刑事技术》 期刊年份： HYPERLINK /journal/findarticle?FilterItems.JournalYear=2018 \t _blank 2018 摘要： 物证鉴定若存在错误风险则会危害严重。恰当的物证鉴定错误管理可以有效减少物证鉴定错误的发生，有助于及时发现物证鉴定错误并将损害减至最小。本文探讨了在物证鉴定全部过程中有效管理物证鉴定错误的十二条措施：1)以有组织方式有条理的开展物证发现、提取、标记、记录、包装、保存和送检工作；2)持续强化物证鉴定科学基础研究和方法确认；3)在物证鉴定检验过程中实施多人平行鉴定、技术评审和管理审核程序；4)建立透明的鉴定意见冲突解决和鉴定结论表述机制；5)采用适当程序和方法有效管理和控制物证鉴定认知偏见信息；6)实施物证鉴定结论例行核查机制；7)建立检验留样和全面记录机制；8)有效评估物证鉴定结论错误风险；9)建立有效的用户培训和交流机制；10)及时发现和整改物证鉴定错误；11)构建物证鉴定科学文化；12)加强物证鉴定人培训。 英文摘要： Forensic error, when existing and even causing risks, will do very likely a lot of harm to the criminal justice system. Suitable forensic error management can be effectively reducing the error generating, timely detecting the error, and even lowering the error-incurred damage to minimum. This article will inquire into the strategies to mitigate forensic error by implementing a dozen of relevant measures.1) To systematically and orderly carry out evidence discovering, collecting, labeling, recording, packaging, preserving and submitting.2) To continually strengthen the researches on forensic science basis and validation of methods used in forensic laboratory.3) To adopt the procedures of paralleling multiple examiners, technical review and administrative evaluation.4) To establish a transparent conflict-resolution policy for settling disagreements in technical decision from examiners.5) To effectively manage and control the biasing information in forensic analysis.6) To carry out the procedure of regularly checking cases files in order to search/avoid error.7) To create and run a procedure of both retaining evidential samples and completely documenting the analytic process for renewing methods or peer review to assess the previous conclusion.8) To evaluate the risk from forensic conclu