大功率高隔离功分合成器设计-电磁场与微波技术专业论文.docx

摘 要 馈电幅度分布是天线阵设计的关键，影响天线阵的副瓣和增益。目前天线 阵的馈电方式主要有并联馈电和串联馈电。并联馈电易实现等幅同相分布，但 体积较大，插损大。串联馈电体积小，插损小，但其带宽有限。天线端口失配 会导致馈电网络无法提供设计的幅度分布，导致天线阵副瓣增高和增益降低。 因此在设计中，应尽量降低回波对馈电幅度分布的影响。 针对上述问题，本文设计了一种新型的等幅同相高隔离的微带结构功分器， 其特点是体积小、插损小、各输出端口间隔离度高。该功分器可做天线阵馈线 使用，使某个天线单元失配引起的回波不影响其他单元，从而使馈电幅度分布 满足设计要求。 由于单个放大器的增益及功率容量有限，在需要大功率的场合，一般将多 个固态器件的输出输入合成腔进行功率合成，以提高输出功率。为了提高功率 合成网络的可靠性，功率合成网络需要在满足端口匹配及端口间高隔离度的条 件下实现大功率合成。目前的功率合成器多采用矩形或圆柱形谐振腔，由同轴 线进行输入输出的无耗网络。其端口间的隔离和匹配相互矛盾，无法同时实现， 在与波导中的放大器连接时，加入的转换装置会增加体积和插损。 针对上述问题，本文提出了一种大功率高隔离功率合成器设计方法，并对 其功率容量进行了分析。其特点是输入输出采用波导结构，端口匹配和端口间 隔离可同时实现，从而减小合成网络体积和插损，增加系统可靠性。 关键词：功率分配 功率合成 隔离 功率容量 ABSTRACT The side lobes and gain of the antenna array are influenced by the magnitude distribution of the feed network which is the key in the design of antenna arrays. Parallel and series feed network are the main methods of feeding antenna array. Parallel feed network can realize equal magnitude and phase distributions easily ,but its shortcomings are large size and high insertion loss. Series feed network is small in size and low in insertion loss, but its bandwidth is limited. The mismatch of antenna ports can cause feed network unable to provide the designed magnitude distribution, increase the side lobes and reduce the gain of the antenna array. Therefore the influence of the reflection on magnitude distributions should be as low as possible. In view of the problems above, a new microstrip power divider with equal magnitude and phase has been designed in this dissertation. Its advantages are small size, low insertion loss and high isolation between output ports. This power divider can be used as a feed line for the antenna array so that the reflection caused by the mismatch of an antenna element doesn’t affect other elements and the feed magnitude distribution satisfies the requirement. Generally the gain and the power capacity of a single amplifier are limited, it is common to input the outputs of multiple amplifiers into a combiner to increase the output power. In