磁性纳米复合材料的制备及其催化、吸附性能研究-化学专业论文.docx

万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 近年来，经济的迅速发展带来的环境污染和能源短缺问题日趋引人注目，因 而寻找治理环境的高效方法和开发新型清洁能源成为国内外研究的热点。纳米材 料的高效催化活性已经引起人们的高度关注，如对硝基苯酚的还原和有机染料的 吸附降解。纳米催化活性和磁性的结合为催化剂的再生和利用提供了便利。 本论文利用一步还原法合成了 Bi 纳米颗粒，并通过改变分散剂的种类和用 量来控制纳米粒子的颗粒大小和分散性。采用红外光谱（FTIR）、X 射线衍射 （XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、热重分析（TGA）等测试手段对纳米材料进行了 表征。研究表明相比较于聚乙烯吡咯烷酮，利用天然大分子可溶性淀粉作分散剂 所合成的纳米粒子在空气和水溶液中更加稳定，而且还具有较高的催化活性，可 以用来催化污水中的对硝基苯酚和有机染料。 以氯化铁、氯化镍和氧化石墨烯（GO）为原料，利用水热法合成了 NiFe2O4/ 还原石墨烯（RGO）复合材料，通过改变溶剂的种类和原料的比例控制 NiFe2O4 颗粒的大小和分散性。所制得的复合材料对有机染料表现出较高的吸附性和催化 降解性。由于 NiFe2O4/RGO 具有磁性，反应后很容易从反应体系中吸去，可重 复多次使用而不影响吸附和催化效率。采用同样的合成方法制备了 CuFe2O4/RGO 复合材料，并通过改变反应条件得到了不同形状和大小的 CuFe2O4 纳米颗粒。 CuFe2O4/RGO 作为催化剂，可快速、高效地将硼氢化钠水解，获取新型能源-氢 能。 关键字：磁性纳米颗粒 对硝基苯酚 还原 染料吸附 催化降解 产氢 ABSTRACT With the development of industry, environmental pollution and energy shortage problems have become more and more serious. Therefore, seeking for the new clean energy and the effective methods to harness environmental pollution has been attracting a great deal of attention. In recent years, nanoparticles have aroused considerable interest because of their excellent catalytic activity for various chemical, such as the reduction of nitroarenes and organic dyes. The integration of catalytic and magnetic characteritics will facilitate the recyclability of catalysts. In this paper, a one-step method was developed to fabricate Bi nanoparticles. Bi nanoparticles with different sizes and dispersity were obtained by control the type and amount of the dispersants. The as-prepared Bi nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and powder X-ray diffraction. The results show that soluble starch is better than PVP in stabilizing Bi nanoparticles. Meanwhile, it was unexpectedly found that the Bi nanoparticles exhibit good catalytic performance for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and organic dyes pollutants. Hydrothermal method was used to fabricate NiFe2O4/RGO nanocomposites. The NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with different