大功率充电机充电性能优化策略研究-控制理论与控制工程专业论文.docx

摘 要 大功率充电机在电力系统中属于非线性负载，产生的谐波对电网是一种“污 染”。如果大功率充电机产生的谐波没有得到有效抑制，大量充电机的投入运行势 必对电网产生很大危害。大功率充电机采用多个电源模块并联供电的方式来实现 大功率的输出。由于工艺水平的限制及元器件特性差异等因素，如果将各个模块 直接并联，很难保证各模块均匀分担负载电流。因此，大功率充电机中须采用并 联均流策略来平衡负载电流分配。 本文主要对大功率充电机谐波抑制策略和并联均流策略进行了一定研究，主 要工作包含如下几部分： 1. 综合调研分析了国内外充电机的研究发展现状，在此基础上，结合大功率 充电机的特点，完成其总体结构、系统功能以及主电路拓扑的设计。 2. 分析了充电机的充电性能，明确了充电机充电性能中并联均流和谐波抑制 的重要性。研究测试了传统不可控整流充电机的谐波电流含量，阐述了大功率充 电机的均流特性。 3. 将基于可控整流的充电机主电路进行等效并建立其数学模型，选择前馈解 耦控制策略结合空间矢量脉宽调制技术作为充电机抑制谐波的策略，在此基础上 设计控制系统结构。在 MATLAB/Simulink 中进行了系统仿真，通过与传统不可控 整流充电机进行对比分析，减少了充电机注入电网的谐波电流含量，为充电机的 设计提供了理论依据。 4. 根据大功率充电机系统的特点，采用基于冗余 CAN 总线的软件均流策略 并对其均流效果进行了测试，实验结果表明无论大功率充电机在轻载还是满载状 况下，不平衡度指标均符合要求。 本文的谐波抑制策略和并联均流策略，实现了充电机低谐波高功率因素运行， 改善了充电机并联均流性能，为大功率充电机的设计打下了基础。 关键词：大功率充电机，充电性能，谐波抑制，并联均流 I ABSTRACT The high-power charger is nonlinear load in the power system, its harmonic current is a kind of pollution to the power grid. If the harmonic current generated by the power charger has not been inhibited, a large number of charging chargers in operation are bound to have a great harm to the power grid. The high-power charger usually adopte parallel current sharing technology in order to achieve high power output. However, as the technological level and characteristics of different component, if each module parallels directly, it is difficult to achieve current sharing. Therefore, current sharing technology must be introduced to balance the load current distribution. This article has focused the harmonic inhibition and parallel current-sharing of the high- power charger in the following main aspects: A comprehensive investigation and analysis of the research and development status of domestic and foreign chargers, on this basis, the overall structure, function, and main circuit of the high-power charger were designed considering its own characteristic. The importance of the harmonic inhibition and parallel current-sharing was cleared after analyzed the charging performance of the high-power charger. The harmonic current content of t