车载自组织网络下的MAC 协议研究-通信与信息系统专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 摘要 由于智能交通系统的迫切需求，以及近年来无线通信技术的快速发展，应用 于交通领域的通信技术车载自组织网络（Vehicular Ad hoc Network，VANET）孕 育而生。车载自组织网络通过建立一个车辆之间通信的平台，实现汽车间的无线 通信，进而达到减少交通事故发生和减缓交通拥塞状况的目的。 无线信道媒体接入控制（Medium Access Control，MAC）技术是决定 VANET 网络性能的关键技术，它决定车辆以什么方式接入无线信道。本文介绍了 VANET 网络的标准化产物 WAVE（Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment），并重点研究 了 WAVE 中 MAC 层的两个标准，IEEE802.11p 和 IEEE1609.4。 IEEE802.11p 使用增强型分布式接入控制（Enhanced Distribution Coordinate Access，EDCA）作为其信道接入方式。本文对 EDCA 机制进行了简单介绍，并针 对该机制中处理内部碰撞存在的问题，提出了一种改进方法 MIC（mechanism to solve internal collision）。仿真结果证明使用 MIC 处理内部碰撞的网络的平均时延 和数据包投递率都得到明显改善。 IEEE1609.4 提供了一套 WAVE 通信设备如何在多个无线信道环境下通信的机 制。在调研了多信道 MAC 协议的基础上，本文研究了 IEEE1609.4 所提供的服务， 并通过在 NS-2.34 中添加和修改部分模块实现 IEEE1609.4 功能，为以后对 IEEE1609.4 的研究打下基础。 关键字：车载自组织网络 媒体接入控制 IEEE 802.11p 增强型分布式接入控制 IEEE1609.4 Abs Abstract Abstract As the urgent needs of ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) and the rapid development of wireless communication technology, VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Network) which is the communication technology used in the transportation field comes into the world. VANET realizes wireless communication between cars by establishing a communication platform between vehicles, to reduce traffic accidents and traffic congestion status. MAC (Medium Access Control) is the key technology to determine VANET network performance, which determines vehicles how to access wireless channel. In this paper, we introduce the standardization of VANET, WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment), and we focus on the MAC standard，IEEE802.11p and IEEE1609.4. IEEE802.11p utilizes Enhanced Distribution Coordinate Access (EDCA) to access wireless channel. In this paper, the EDCA mechanism is introduced in brief, in terms of the shortcomings of internal collision scheme in EDCA, a new method MIC (mechanism to solve internal collision) is introduced. The simulation results prove that the network using MIC has improved average delay and packet delivery ratio. IEEE1609.4 provides the mechanism