超高相对分子质量聚乙烯中空纤维膜的制备与性能研究-材料加工工程专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 量进一步提高，孔隙率上升，截留率下降。在拉伸过程中，无机颗粒 和聚合物之间形成了界面微孔，并且随着拉伸倍数的增加，这些界面 微孔被拉长变大，而由热致相分离而形成的 UHMWPE 微孔则有部分 闭合现象。两方面的共同作用，使 UHMWPE/CaCO3 共混中空纤维膜 的水通量和孔隙率在 2 倍拉伸倍数的情况下达到最大，3 倍拉伸时则 变小，而截留率变化趋势则相反。随着拉伸倍数的增加，共混中空纤 维膜的断裂强度增大，纤维膜熔点、结晶度、晶粒尺寸和晶区取向度 均有一定程度增大。 最后，使用 PEG20000 作为亲水改性剂，共混入 UHMWPE 溶液， 制备了亲水改性的 UHMWPE 中空纤维膜，又使用了等离子体对 UHMWPE 中 空 纤 维 膜 进行 亲 水 改 性 。研究 发现 ， 和未改性的 UHMWPE 中空纤维膜相比，加入 PEG 后改性中空纤维膜孔径、孔隙 率均增大，截留率则减小。随着加入 PEG20000 的含量不断增加，中 空纤维膜的亲水性能逐渐提高，但是对孔径，孔隙率和截留率的影响 不明显，中空纤维膜的力学性能则稍有降低。随着中空纤维膜在水中 浸泡时间的变长，由于 PEG20000 的流失，中空纤维膜的亲水性能降 低。未改性的中空纤维膜易受到蛋白质的污染，使得牛血清蛋白的通 量衰减，清洗后恢复量比较低。改性后的中空纤维膜蛋白质通量和恢 复量有明显提升，牛血清蛋白的通量衰减也相对缓慢，纯水通量也有 所提高。而经过氩气等离子体表面处理后，UHMWPE 纤维膜表面形 成裂缝和沟壑，表面变得粗糙，并且随着处理时间的变长，中空纤维 膜的亲水性变强。 II 关键词：超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)；热致相分离(TIPS)；中空纤 维膜；无机颗粒；亲水性改性 III PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF ULTRAHIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES ABSTRACT Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has a planar zigzag structure, long molecular chain and without any side groups. Compared with other membrane materials, UHMWPE hollow fiber membrane materials have high strength, raw materials easily available, inexpensive and some other advantages. Due to its excellent characteristics, UHMWPE hollow fiber membranes can be widely used in sewage treatment, medical used hollow fiber membrane separation, hollow fiber membrane reactor and many other areas. In this thesis, UHMWPE hollow fiber membrane was prepared, the structure and properties of hollow fibers got under different conditions were measured and investigated. Firstly, UHMWPE hollow fiber membranes were prepared by thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) method, using mineral oil as diluent and xylene as extractant. It is found that only solid-liquid separation occurred under the low cooling rate to the strong interaction between UHMWPE and mineral oil, and it is induced by the crystallizing of UHMWPE in solution during cooling process. The phase separation temperature increases with increasing UHMWPE concentrat