美国及加拿大竞技体育中过度暴力问题.docVIP

美国及加拿大竞技体育中过度暴力问题 近年来，随着世界竞技体育的蓬勃发展，竞技体育 的过度暴力行为时有发生，其社会危害性正在凸显。美国、 加拿大作为竞技体育大国，在认定和处理过度体育暴力方面 有其独到的认识和经验，其处置方式包括立法、判例法和联 盟3种。刑事检控体育过度暴力行为具有可行性，但会遇到 相当大的障碍，包括观念障碍、宪法障碍，其中最大的障碍 是“同意原则”。同意作为抗辩事由，可有效阻却刑事责任。 我国在处理此类行为时，没有统一的标准。借鉴美、加的经 验，建议我国应从4个方面逐步完善，即完善体育专项立法、 强化司法、推动体育联盟自治以及加强竞技规则的科学性研 关键词：体育法学；过度暴力；竞技体育；抗辩事由 美国；加拿大 G80-05 A 1006-7116 (2011)04-0078-06 Study of the issue of excessive violence in competitive sports in the United States and Canada WANG Shui-ming， YE Jian-feng (School of Law， South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006， China) Abstract： In recent years, with the booming of world competitive sports, the behaviors of excessive violence in competitive sports occurred from time to time, and their social hazardness is becoming perceivable. As a big nation of competitive sports, the United States and Canada have unique understanding about and experiences in determining the nature of and penalties for excessive violence, their ways to deal with such behaviors include legislation, case law and league. Criminal prosecution of the behaviors of excessive violence in sports is feasible, but will encounter substantial obstacles, which include conceptional obstacles and constitutional obstacles, in which the biggest obstacle is the “principle of consent” . Consent as a ground for defense can effectively exclude criminal liabilities. In China, there is no unified standard for dealing with such behaviors. By referring to the experiences of the United States and Canada, the author proposed that China should make improvements gradually in 4 aspects, i. e. perfecting sport specific legislation, intensifying jurisdiction, promoting the autonomy of sports leagues, and strengthening the scientific study of competition rules. Key words： sport law ； excessive violence ； competitive sports； ground for defense； USA； Canada 竞技体育中的过度暴力是当今国际体育的4大顽症之 一，已引起体育界和法学界的高度关注。广州亚运会前夕， 在中国男篮与巴西男篮进行的热身赛中，双方运动员的群 殴、厮打，造成了极坏的国际影响。这是一起典型的体育暴 力事件，反映了现今国内外竞技体育中广泛存在的过度暴力 问题。 2005年，美国全国冰球联盟(NH