低压无功补偿的分析-测试计量技术及仪器专业论文.docx

i i 摘 要 无功补偿是保证电网安全经济稳定运行的必要措施。在电力系统中能够起到 提高电网功率因数，降低线路损耗，改善电压质量，提高供电效率的作用。所以 对于电力供电系统来说，进行无功补偿有着十分重大的意义。同样对于建筑电气 行业来说，无论对于工业用户还是现在的高层住宅，由于用电器的增多，变压器 的容量及损耗也越来越大，采取无功补偿措施对于节能减排更是意义重大。同时， 无功补偿需要合理进行，这样可以最大限度地减少电网损耗，提高电网质量。反 之，如果没有合理进行，可能给供电系统带来电压波动、谐波等因素，影响电能 稳定性。所以合理进行无功补偿是电力系统设计和规划工作中的一项重要内容。 本论文的主体结构为：第一章论述了课题的意义和研究背景及发展状况，第 二章论述了无功补偿技术的基本概念，涉及到了有功、无功、视在功率、功率因 数的定义并结合向量图分析了无功补偿的意义。第三章论述了无功补偿的计算方 法，涉及了功率三角形、向量图、电能计费计量表等方法的计算并加以举例分析， 同时阐述了欠补、全补、过补的确定原则及意义。第四章无功补偿的经济价值分 析，论述了工业用户收取无功费用的方法并加以举例分析无功补偿带来的经济价 值，同时论述了无功补偿对损耗的影响及设备选型的选择的价值分析，最后附加 了本人参与做过的实际工程三爻长丰五星级酒店的无功补偿计算进行实例经济 分析。 关键词：无功补偿；节能减排；容量计算；经济价值 ii ii Abstract Reactive power compensation is a necessary measure to guarantee the power grid runing stably safely and economically. In the electric power system,it can improve power factor, reduce line losses, improve voltage quality, and enhance the power supply efficiency.Thus, reactive power compensation is of a great significance for power supply systems. The same for the the building electrical industry, no matter industrial users or high-rise residential,etc, with increasing electrical capacity of the transformer and the line loss, taking reactive power compensation measures for energy conservation is very important. A reasonable reactive power compensation can maximally reduce grid losses, improve power quality. If there is no reasonable reactive power compensation ,then voltage fluctuations, harmonics and other factors will flow into the power grid and break the power stability. It is an important element that reasonable reactive power compensation in the power system design. The main structure in this paper is: The first chapter discusses the significance of the topic and research background and the current development, the second chapter discusses the basic concepts of reactive power compensation that related to the definition of active, reactive, apparent power, power factor and analyze the meaning of the reactive power compensation with the vector diagram.