公路桥梁大直径钻孔灌注桩轴向承载力优化设计研究-岩土工程专业论文.docx

万方数据 万方数据 2 2 摘要 摘 要 目前公路桥梁大直径钻孔灌注摩擦桩在设计中偏于保守，使得桩基础尺寸过 大，造价较高。因此，本文依托现场静载试验，对大直径钻孔灌注桩的承载特性、 荷载传递规律以及有效桩长进行了系统的理论分析，在此基础上，采用 MATLAB 遗传算法工具箱对单桩的几何尺寸进行优化，从而得到既满足承载力要求又经济 合理的最优桩基设计尺寸，并通过实例进行了验证，取得了如下研究成果： 1．依托新机场高速公路某大桥工程的建设，对四根大直径钻孔灌注桩进行了 竖向静载试验，结果表明：大直径灌注桩的荷载-沉降曲线没有明显的拐点，呈缓 变形，其承载特性有别于中、小直径钻孔灌注桩；砂性土中桩侧阻力呈抛物线分布， 桩身轴力随单桩埋置深度递减。 2．在对现场试验实测数据分析的基础上，引入了有效桩长的概念，并利用 Mindlin 解同时考虑桩径的影响，对单桩有效桩长计算公式进行推导。公式结果表 明：有效桩长与桩径、土体压缩模量、泊松比和桩身弹性模量有关，这为工程中桩 基设计时桩长的选取提供了参考依据。 3．在对大直径钻孔灌注桩竖向荷载传递过程分析的基础上，探讨了单桩的荷 载传递规律，并利用改进的荷载传递法对荷载传递微分方程进行求解，分析了大直 径钻孔灌注桩单桩承载特性的影响因素，认为桩周和桩端土体性质、几何尺寸对大 直径钻孔灌注桩承载特性的影响是复杂耦合的，各影响因素相互作用相互加强。 4．在最优化准则非线性规划的理论基础上，采用遗传算法，通过 MATLAB M 语言进行计算机编程，对大直径钻孔灌注桩进行优化设计，得到了最优化的桩径和 桩长，同时经实例进行了验证，使得桩基既满足承载力要求又经济实用。 关键词：大直径灌注桩；荷载传递函数；有效桩长；优化设计；遗传算法；MATLAB M 语言 I Abstract Abstract At present, the design of large diameter bored piles for highway bridge is too conservative that the pile foundation size is large anf the cost is high. To solve this problem, this paper relys on the field static load test to analys systemically the bearing characteristic, load transfer law and the effective pile lengh. On this basis, this paper optimize the geometry of large diameter piles with MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox. Thus the optimal scheme of large diameter piles of highway bridge can be obtained, which can meet the requirement of bearing capacity and economical. The research conclusions from this paper are listed as follows: Relying on the construnction of new airport Highway Bridge, the scene vertical load experiment of four large diameter bored piles is carreed on. It can be seen that the load-settlement curve of large diameter bored piles is different from middle or small piles’. The large ones have no obvious inflection point and present the slow changing trend. In sand soil, the pile side resistance distributes as a parabola. The pile axial force is decreasesed with the depth. The conception of efficient length of pile is introduced. Based on the test data, this paper calculates the effi