经自然腔道内名镜手术的发展.docx

Shandong University Doctoral Thesis INDEX Chinese abstract 3 English abstract 7 U髓of Abbreviations 13 CHA盯ER 0NE：Research work 1．1 Introduction 15 1．2 Aim ofstudy 15 1．3 Materials and Methods 16 1．3．1 preoperative care 17 1．3．2 operative techniques 19 1．3．3 statistical analysis 23 1．4 Results 23 1．5 Discussion 26 1．6 Conclusion 32 33 CHAFrrER 1、^，0：Uterature review 2．1 History of NOTES ．． 34 2．1．1 History and development of ．． 34 endoscopy 2．1．2 History and development of ．． 35 minimally invasive surgery 2．1．3 Approach towards NOTES ．． 弘 2．1．3．1 TranslumenaI Endoscopic Techniques 一 弱 2．1．3．2 Fertiloscopy 打 2．1．4 The initial concept of NOTES ．． 耵 2．1．4．1 Emergence of NOTES application ． 2．1．5 Successful growth of NOTES ．． 骆 2．1．5．1 NOTES societies 弘 2．1．5．2 Initial laboratory study of NOTES 加 2．1．6 Clinical application of NOTES ．． 躬 2．1．6．1 Decline in transgastric NOTES 躬 application 2．1．6．2 Transvaginal NOTES techniques’ 45 breakthrough 万方数据  Shandong University DoctoraI Thesis 2．1．6．3 Progeny of NOTES ． 46 2．2 NOTES development ． 48 2．2．1 Endoscopic platform for ．． 48 NOTES 2．2．2 NOTES Closure，hemostatic， 。 49 anastomotic，and suturing devices 2．2．3 Physiological mechanism of ．． NOTES 2．2．4 infection prevention ．． 50 CHAPTER THREE：PRESENT CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF NOTES AND THE TECHNIQUES 3．1 Application of NOTES in ． 53 peritOneOscOpy 3．1．1 Human experience 53 3．1．2 NOTES Future in 。 53 peritoneoscOpy 3．2 Cholecystectomy through ． 5zl NOTES technique 3．2．1 Transgastric ．． 54 cholecystectomy 3．2．1．1 Techniques 54 3．2．1．2 Results 56 3．2．2 Transvaginal ．． 57 cholecystectomy 3．2．2．1 Pure NOTES technique 57 3．2．2．2 Hybrid technique with a flexible 57 endoscope 3．2．2．3 Hybrid technique with rigid 58 laparoscopic instruments 3．2．2．4 Discussion 60 3．2．2．5 Conclusions 61 3．3 Appendectomy through NOTES ．． 62 techniq