商务沟通趁大英写作.ppt

Business Communication Objectives In this class, students will learn : Main terms. Structure of some genres in textbook. 章节设计 具体写作体裁的每一章节一般分为四个部分： 1. Introduction 1.1Definition 2. Classification 3. Genre Features 3.1Communicative Purposes 3.2 Linguistic Features 3.3 Structural Features 4. Writing Techniques Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Business Communication Communication is an exchange of messages between individuals for the purpose of creating or influencing the meaning that others assign to events.(p.4) Key points: exchange of messages（沟通的实质：交流信息） creating or influencing（沟通的目的：相互影响和融合） The Process of Communication(9 elements) Senders（信息发送者）(P5) Participants in the communication process who communicate messages to an audience are called senders. Encoding（编码）(P 6) The activity of the sender choosing certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message is called encoding. Decoding（解码） The activity of the receiver attaching meaning to the words or symbols that the sender sends is called decoding. Feedback（信息反馈） Feedback consists of messages—verbal and nonverbal—that convey a reaction to the communicator’s message. Noise（干扰因素） It refers to all the factors that interfere with the exchange of messages. Internal noise External noise(最典型) Semantic noise Context The communication context refers to the situation in which communication takes place and to every factor affecting its transmission. Physical context Social context Interpersonal context The Flow of Communication (P8) Communication and Culture High-context cultures prefer to use high-context messages in which most of the meaning is either implied by the physical setting or presumed to be part of the individual’s internalized belief, values, and norms; very little is provided in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the message. Low-context cultures prefer to use low-context messages, in which the majority of the information is vested in the explic