第6章组儿织工程人工器官与组织再生.docx

第6章 医用高分子材料的应用： --人工器官与组织再生 Artificial Organ Tissue Regeneration 内  容 ? 人工器官概述 -- 器官移植与人工器官，人工器官的分类 ? 范例：人工血管 人工心脏瓣膜 -- 心血管结构，人工血管及其应用、要求、材料，人工心脏瓣膜 ? 组织再生：组织工程 -- TE原理，TE三要素，支架，细胞/干细胞 2 1 Review: tissue organ ? Tissue is a biological structure made up of cells of the same type. – Cells of the same phenotype ( i.e., same genes expressed). – An aggregation of morphologically similar cells and associated extracellular matrix acting together to perform one or more specific functions in the body. – There are four basic types of tissue: muscle, nerve, epithelia, and connective. ? An organ is a structure made up of 2 or more tissues that can together perform a more complex function than a single tissue. 3 器官和组织的缺失或衰竭是 人类保健中发生最频繁、最具 危害性的问题之一 pancreatic carcinoma 4 2 Solutions ?? ? Transplantation is the act of transferring an organ, tissue, or cell from one place to another. ? The field of organ transplantation has made remarkable progress in the past many years. Transplantation has evolved to become the treatment of choice for end-stage organ failure resulting from almost any of a wide variety of causes. ? Transplantation of the kidney, liver, pancreas, intestine, heart, and lungs has now become commonplace in all parts of the world. 5 Transplantation Types · Broadly speaking, transplants are divided into three categories based on the similarity between the donor and the recipient: – Autotransplants (自体移植) – Allotransplants (同种移植) – Xenotransplants (异种移植) 6 3 ? Autotransplants involve the transfer of tissue or organs from one part of an individual to another part of the same individual. They are the most common type of transplants and include skin grafts and vein grafts for bypasses. NO immunosuppression is required. ? Allotransplants involve transfer from one individual to a different individual of the same species — the most common scenario for most solid organ transplants performed today. Immunosuppression is required for allograft recipients to prevent rejection.