淀粉粒分析在考古学中的应用-科学技术史专业论文.pdf.docxVIP

摘要物，包括薏苡、小麦、大麦、燕麦、粟黍和山药等。所鉴定的淀粉粒有完好的， 摘要 物，包括薏苡、小麦、大麦、燕麦、粟黍和山药等。所鉴定的淀粉粒有完好的， 也有呈现碾磨及加热特征的，反映了当时的食物加工方式。 河南笃忠遗址是一处仰韶文化晚期遗址，出土有大量动物骨骼。对其中的猪 牙样品表面的牙结石进行了淀粉粒提取和鉴定。结果表明，笃忠猪的牙结石中含 有大量的高粱属淀粉粒，兼有麦类、其它禾本科作物、根茎类植物及青冈属的坚 果等。由于猪牙结石中的淀粉粒直接来自猪的日常饮食，以上淀粉粒分析结果可 以在一定程度上反映笃忠猪的食物构成，为全面深入理解笃忠猪的驯养情况提供 了新的资料。 青海民和县喇家遗址出土的面条状遗物将世界上面条的历史上推到距今 4000年前。前人根据植硅体和淀粉粒分析，认为喇家面条系由含有大量颖壳成分 的粟和黍的面粉经反复拉伸面团的方法制成。为了理解这种面条制作工艺，我们 进行了制作面条的模拟实验，并记录了面条制备过程中淀粉粒形态发生的改变。 研究表明，无法通过拉伸的方法将粟和黍的面团制成面条。分析认为，先前报道 的颖壳植硅体和似淀粉粒颗粒可能并非来自面条成分，喇家面条的成分可能并不 是粟和黍，尚有必要进一步研究。 最后，结语部分回顾了本文的主要内容并对古代淀粉粒分析的现状和可能的 研究方向进行了探讨。 关键词：淀粉粒古代淀粉粒损伤淀粉粒西山遗址笃忠遗址喇家遗址面条 Ⅱ AbstractABSTRACT Abstract ABSTRACT Starch is a type of secondary metabolite synthesized in plant by photosynthesis and composed of various glucose polymers．Starch granules mainly OCCllr in the storage organs of plants，including seeds，fruits and storage roots，and provide necessary energy when seeds and roots germinate．Starch granules have taxonomic significance as starch grains from different plants may be morphologically distinguishable． Humans have exploited and used starchy plant organs as food for a long time． Starch granules may therefore be deposited on surfaces of tools when ancient people processed the starchy plants for food．In some cases，these small granules can be preserved very well and recovered by archaeologists，and hence starch analysis has a 11igh potential for understanding human exploitation of plant resources．tools function and the nature of plant food processing in the past．Ancient starch analysis has a history of nearly 40 years in many parts of the world,including South America and Oceania．In China,Li Pan was the first person to use starch analysis，when he attempted to identify the composition of a block of flour excavated from the Dahecun site in 1 974，however no further study of ancient starch was conducted after this for a long period of time．In recent years，scholars in China have paid attention to ancient starch agai坞but the application of this method has