我国植物模式标本的馆藏量-生物多样性.PDF

生物多样性 2012, 20 (4): 512–516 Doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.05076 Biodiversity Science http: // 我国植物模式标本的馆藏量 杨 永* (中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100093) 摘要: 植物标本是物种存在的永久凭证, 模式标本在保障命名体系稳定中有不可替代的作用。标本馆藏量和模式 标本数量反映一个国家或地区的历史积累。作者通过对比分析, 发现我国的标本馆藏量远低于国际平均水平, 模 式标本馆藏量也相对较少, 历史积累不足。在数字化本土馆藏模式标本基础上, 标本数字化平台项目应将国外馆 藏的中国植物种类的模式标本“引渡”回国。今后我国植物分类学研究者的重要工作之一是加强空白地区和国外标 本采集, 提高馆藏标本的代表性。 关键词: 分类学, 标本, 模式标本, 馆藏量, 中国 Holdings of type specimens of plants in herbaria of China * Yong Yang State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093 Abstract: Species diversity is one of the central topics of biodiversity. Type specimens are the permanent vouchers of taxonomic names, and are irreplaceable as a means to safeguard the stability of the nomenclatu- ral system. Holdings of common specimens and type specimens are indices reflecting historical accumulation of botanical studies for a certain country or region. This paper reviews holdings of common specimens and type specimens in herbaria worldwide and those native to China. Overall, we conclude that type collections in herbaria of China are relatively less than the world on average, because plants from China were studied by western botanists for over 400 years before Chinese botanists started to collect specimens and study plants in the early twentieth century. Based on digitization of type specimens housed in native herbaria, it is now ur- gent to digitize not only type specimens of Chinese herbaria, but also those held in herbaria abroad. In addi- tion,